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I. Development and Clinical Testing

Eugene B. Buynak, PhD; Maurice R. Hilleman, PhD, DSc; Robert E. Weibel, MD; Joseph Stokes, Jr., MD, DSc

JAMA. 1968;204(3):195-200.

Abstract
Merck strain rubella virus and Meyer-Parkman monkey kidney attenuated HPV-77 virus were prepared at various levels of attenuation for investigative use in humans and animals. The vaccines were produced in duck embryo cell culture and represented a spectrum which ranged from underattenuation, causing communicable mild rubella, to overattenuation with apparent nonexcretion and inadequate immunization. Merck strain rubella virus at attenuation level B, or possibly C, and Meyer-Parkman HPV-77 virus in fifth passage in duck embryo cell culture appear to present the attributes of an effective noncontagious vaccine. The antibody, produced in children after administration of level C vaccine, persisted undiminished for at least one year. Duck embryo cell culture appeared to be an attractive material for preparing vaccine because it was of a nonmammalian source and because of the relative freedom of ducks from disease.

Author Affiliations
From the Division of Virus and Cell Biology Research, Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research, West Point, Pa (Drs. Buynak and Hilleman), and the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Drs. Weibel and Stokes).

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Division of Virus and Cell Biology Research, Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research, West Point, Pa 19486 (Dr. Buynak).

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