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Effect of Age, Sex, and Smoking

David M. Spain, MD; Victoria A. Bradess, MD; Roger Tarter, MD; Alessio Matero, MD

JAMA. 1970;211(8):1331-1334.

Abstract
In 500 apparently "healthy" adults who died suddenly and unexpectedly and who lived and worked within the environs of a large urban area noted for its air pollution, autopsy studies revealed that 50% of all adult nonsmokers had metaplasia of their tracheobronchial epithelium. Metaplasia was present in 70% of male cigarette smokers. Women in each category revealed half the frequency of metaplasia present in the men. Metaplasia was present in less than 20% of men under the age of 30 years, rose to a peak of 80% at age 50 years, and gradually declined in frequency after the age of 60 years.

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Pathology, the Brookside Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY (Dr. Spain), and the Medical Examiners Office of Westchester County, Valhalla, NY (Drs. Bradess, Tarter, and Matero).

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Brookdale Hospital Center, Linden Boulevard and Brookdale Plaza, Brooklyn, NY 11212 (Dr. Spain).

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