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Edward Carden, MA, MB, BChir, DA; Melvyn Bernstein, MB, ChB

JAMA. 1970;212(4):589-592.

Abstract
Nine commonly used resuscitator bags were connected to an oxygen source, and tested by manually squeezing an 800-cc tidal volume ten times per minute into a test apparatus which measured the oxygen concentration delivered (up to 15 liters of oxygen per minute flowing). They were then tested on conscious volunteers. The Ambu gave the highest oxygen concentration (87% maximum) and the Pulmonator, the lowest (37% maximum). The Ambu with the new E-2 valve was found to be superior in function to the Ambu (with the Ruben valve) and the Ambu (Air Shields). The most common malfunction was sticking of the inflating valve in the inspiratory position. This was found with the Laerdal, Pulmonator, and Ambu (Ruben valve). The Ambu (with E-2 valve) was the easiest to use; the Pulmonator, Aga, and Laerdal (with reservoir), the most clumsy.

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Dr. Bernstein is now with Vancouver (British Columbia) General Hospital. Dr. Carden is now a research fellow in the Hyperbaric Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia (Dr. Carden).

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ABSTRACT