This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in JAMA  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Findings in Hypertension Screening of 1 Million Americans

Rose Stamler, MA; Jeremiah Stamler, MD; Wallace F. Riedlinger, MS; George Algera; Richard H. Roberts, MD

JAMA. 1978;240(15):1607-1610.

Abstract
In the nationwide Community Hypertension Evaluation Clinic screening of more than 1 million people, the group classifying itself as overweight had prevalence rates of hypertension 50% to 300% higher than other screenees. Frequency of hypertension in overweight persons aged 20 to 39 years was double that of normal weight and triple that of underweight persons. Among those aged 40 to 64 years, the overweight group had a 50% higher hypertension prevalence rate than the normal-weight group and 100% higher than the underweight group. With each higher degree of blood pressure elevation, relative frequency of hypertension with overweight was larger. Thus this study confirms, in the largest group surveyed to date, similar findings in previous cross-sectional surveys. It is also consistent with data from longitudinal and intervention studies on the importance of overweight in relation to hypertension.

(JAMA 240:1607-1610, 1978)

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago (Ms Stamler and Dr Stamler), and the Ciba Pharmaceutical Company, Summit, NJ (Mr Riedlinger, Mr Algera, and Dr Roberts).

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 (Ms Stamler).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Body Mass Index and Vigorous Physical Activity and the Risk of Heart Failure Among Men
Kenchaiah et al.
Circulation 2009;119:44-52.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

High-Circulating Leptin Levels Are Associated with Greater Risk of Hypertension in Men Independently of Body Mass and Insulin Resistance: Results of an Eight-Year Follow-Up Study
Galletti et al.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2008;93:3922-3926.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Weight Loss and Blood Pressure Control (Pro)
Harsha and Bray
Hypertension 2008;51:1420-1425.
FULL TEXT  

Mean Arterial Pressure at 11+0 to 13+6 Weeks in the Prediction of Preeclampsia
Poon et al.
Hypertension 2008;51:1027-1033.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Obese Hypertensive: The Weight of Evidence Against {beta}-Blockers
Williams
Circulation 2007;115:1973-1974.
FULL TEXT  

Life Expectancy Benefits of Gastric Bypass Surgery
Pope et al.
SURG INNOV 2006;13:265-273.
ABSTRACT  

Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Variables Since Childhood in Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Subjects: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Srinivasan et al.
Hypertension 2006;48:33-39.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss.
Poirier et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2006;26:968-976.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Obesity, Arterial Stiffness, and Cardiovascular Risk
Safar et al.
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2006;17:S109-S111.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss: An Update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease From the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism
Poirier et al.
Circulation 2006;113:898-918.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Body mass index and mortality from ischaemic heart disease in a lean population: 10 year prospective study of 220 000 adult men
Chen et al.
Int J Epidemiol 2006;35:141-150.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Androgen Receptor-Mediated Regulation of the {alpha}-Subunit of the Epithelial Sodium Channel in Human Kidney
Quinkler et al.
Hypertension 2005;46:787-798.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Impact of Waist Circumference on the Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Insulin: The Quebec Health Survey
Poirier et al.
Hypertension 2005;45:363-367.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Association of Intentional Changes in Body Weight with Coronary Heart Disease Event Rates in Overweight Subjects Who Have an Additional Coronary Risk Factor
Eilat-Adar et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2005;161:352-358.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Early Life Factors and Blood Pressure at Age 31 Years in the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort
Jarvelin et al.
Hypertension 2004;44:838-846.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Fenfluramine Metabolite (+)-Norfenfluramine Is Vasoactive
Ni et al.
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2004;309:845-852.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Leptin and the Cardiovascular System
Rahmouni and Haynes
Recent Prog Horm Res 2004;59:225-244.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Young Adulthood and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Carnethon et al.
JAMA 2003;290:3092-3100.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Risk in Children: An American Heart Association Scientific Statement From the Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee (Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young) and the Diabetes Committee (Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism)
Steinberger and Daniels
Circulation 2003;107:1448-1453.
FULL TEXT  

Ethnic Differences in the Association between Body Mass Index and Hypertension
Colin Bell et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2002;155:346-353.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Y-Chromosome Transfer Induces Changes in Blood Pressure and Blood Lipids in SHR
Kren et al.
Hypertension 2001;37:1147-1152.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Body mass index and metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease in women
Ashton et al.
Eur Heart J 2001;22:46-55.
ABSTRACT  

Efficacy and Safety of Sibutramine in Obese White and African American Patients With Hypertension: A 1-Year, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial
McMahon et al.
Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2185-2191.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Reduction in Obesity and Related Comorbid Conditions after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss in Men: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Ross et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2000;133:92-103.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Overweight and Hypertension : A 2-Way Street?
Julius et al.
Hypertension 2000;35:807-813.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relation of Weight and Rate of Increase in Weight During Childhood and Adolescence to Body Size, Blood Pressure, Fasting Insulin, and Lipids in Young Adults : The Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study
Sinaiko et al.
Circulation 1999;99:1471-1476.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Low Calorie Diet Enhances Renal, Hemodynamic, and Humoral Effects of Exogenous Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Obese Hypertensives
Dessi-Fulgheri et al.
Hypertension 1999;33:658-662.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Current concepts: Treatment for morbid obesity
Carmichael
Postgrad. Med. J. 1999;75:7-12.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Glucocorticoid Receptor Polymorphism, Skin Vasoconstriction, and Other Metabolic Intermediate Phenotypes in Normal Human Subjects
Panarelli et al.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1998;83:1846-1852.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Genetic Markers at the Leptin (OB) Locus Are Not Significantly Linked to Hypertension in African Americans
Onions et al.
Hypertension 1998;31:1230-1234.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Importance of Dietary Calcuim in Hypertension
McCarron and Preuss
J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 1998;17:97-98.
FULL TEXT  

Relations of Left Ventricular Geometry and Function to Body Composition in Children With High Casual Blood Pressure
de Simone et al.
Hypertension 1997;30:377-382.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sympathetic and Cardiorenal Actions of Leptin
Haynes et al.
Hypertension 1997;30:619-623.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Left Ventricular Filling in Arterial Hypertension: Influence of Obesity and Hemodynamic and Structural Confounders
Mureddu et al.
Hypertension 1997;29:544-550.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Influence of Obesity on Left Ventricular Midwall Mechanics in Arterial Hypertension
de Simone et al.
Hypertension 1996;28:276-283.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity Contributes to Blood Pressure Reduction After Weight Loss in Hypertensive Subjects With Obesity
Ikeda et al.
Hypertension 1996;27:1180-1186.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Body Weight, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Coronary Mortality : 15-Year Follow-up of Middle-aged Men and Women in Eastern Finland
Jousilahti et al.
Circulation 1996;93:1372-1379.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Factors That Affect Calorie-Sensitive and Calorie-Insensitive Reduction in Blood Pressure During Short-term Calorie Restriction in Overweight Hypertensive Women
Kawamura et al.
Hypertension 1996;27:408-413.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Blood Pressure in Young Blacks and Whites: Relevance of Obesity and Lifestyle Factors in Determining Differences : The CARDIA Study
Liu et al.
Circulation 1996;93:60-66.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Decrease in Intra-Abdominal Visceral Fat May Reduce Blood Pressure in Obese Hypertensive Women
Kanai et al.
Hypertension 1996;27:125-129.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Nutritional Factors and Hypertension
Lardinois
Arch Fam Med 1995;4:707-713.
ABSTRACT  

Pressor Effects of Portal Venous Oleate Infusion : A Proposed Mechanism for Obesity Hypertension
Grekin et al.
Hypertension 1995;26:193-198.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sympathetic Activation in Obese Normotensive Subjects
Grassi et al.
Hypertension 1995;25:560-563.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Increased Hyaluronic Acid in the Inner Renal Medulla of Obese Dogs
Alonso-Galicia et al.
Hypertension 1995;25:888-892.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Effects of Weight Reduction on Blood Pressure in 301 Obese Patients
Schotte and Stunkard
Arch Intern Med 1990;150:1701-1704.
ABSTRACT  

Risk Factor Modification after Myocardial Infarction
Siegel et al.
ANN INTERN MED 1988;109:213-218.
ABSTRACT  

Associations of Dietary Fat, Regional Adiposity, and Blood Pressure in Men
Williams et al.
JAMA 1987;257:3251-3256.
ABSTRACT  

Obesity and Hypertension
DUSTAN
ANN INTERN MED 1985;103:1047-1049.
ABSTRACT  

BP Changes in Obese Hypertensive Subjects During Rapid Weight Loss: Comparison of Restricted v Unchanged Salt Intake
Maxwell et al.
Arch Intern Med 1984;144:1581-1584.
ABSTRACT  

Adipose Tissue Cellularity and Hemodynamic Indexes in Obese Patients With Hypertension
Achimastos et al.
Arch Intern Med 1984;144:265-268.
ABSTRACT  

Weight and Hypertension
HAVLIK et al.
ANN INTERN MED 1983;98:855-859.
ABSTRACT  

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Pathophysiological Alterations
Reisin and Frohlich
Arch Intern Med 1981;141:431-434.
ABSTRACT  

Prevention and Control of Hypertension by Nutritional-Hygienic Means: Long-term Experience of the Chicago Coronary Prevention Evaluation Program
Stamler et al.
JAMA 1980;243:1819-1823.
ABSTRACT  

Family (Parental) History and Prevalence of Hypertension: Results of a Nationwide Screening Program
Stamler et al.
JAMA 1979;241:43-46.
ABSTRACT