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Prevention of Hemophilus influenzae Type b Disease
Jeffrey D. Band, MD;
David W. Fraser, MD;
Gloria Ajello, MA;
Hemophilus Influenzae Disease Study Group
JAMA. 1984;251(18):2381-2386.
Abstract
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To determine the efficacy of rifampin prophylaxis in eradication of oropharyngeal carriage of Hemophilus influenzae type b and prevention of secondary H influenzae type b disease, we conducted a multicenter placebo-controlled trial among selected persons with invasive H influenzae type b disease. Households and day-care classrooms were randomized so that their members received either rifampin (initially at a dose of 10 mg/kg/dose for two to four days [rifampin-10], but subsequently at 20 mg/kg/dose for four days [rifampin-20]) or placebo. Pretherapy H influenzae type b colonization rates were similar in the treatment groups. Therapy with either rifampin regimen significantly reduced carriage (rifampin-20, 97%; rifampin-10, 63%; placebo, 28%). New acquisition of carriage was also significantly reduced by either rifampin regimen (rifampin-20 or rifampin-10, 2% v placebo, 6%). No rifampin-resistant H influenzae type b isolates emerged after treatment. Four of 765 placebo-treated contacts experienced secondary disease in contrast to zero of 1,112 rifampin-treated contacts. Because chemoprophylaxis of close contacts with rifampin seems to reduce significantly the risk of secondary H influenzae type b disease, we recommend the administration of prophylaxis in households or day-care classrooms where children younger than 4 years have been exposed to the disease.
(JAMA 1984;251:2381-2386)
Author Affiliations
From the Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta (Drs Band and Fraser and Ms Ajello), and the Hemophilus Influenzae Disease Study Group member institutions. Dr Band is now with William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich.
Footnotes
Reprint requests to the Department of Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI 48072 (Dr Band).
For a complete listing of participants and institutions, see the end of the article.
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