Brain damage in modern boxers
I. R. Casson, O. Siegel, R. Sham, E. A. Campbell, M. Tarlau and A. DiDomenico
Eighteen former and active boxers underwent neurological examination, EEG,
computed tomographic scan of the brain, and neuropsychological testing.
Eighty-seven percent of the professional boxers had definite evidence of
brain damage. All the boxers had abnormal results on at least one of the
neuropsychological tests. Brain damage is a frequent result of a career in
professional boxing.
Diffusion anisotropy changes in the brains of professional boxers.
Zhang et al.
Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2006;27:2000-2004.
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Neurochemical aftermath of amateur boxing.
Zetterberg et al.
Arch Neurol 2006;63:1277-1280.
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The risk of chronic traumatic brain injury in professional boxing: change in exposure variables over the past century * Commentary
Clausen et al.
Br. J. Sports. Med. 2005;39:661-664.
ABSTRACT
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A punch drunk jockey?
McCrory et al.
Br. J. Sports. Med. 2004;38:e3-e3.
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Head trauma preceding PD: A case-control study
Bower et al.
Neurology 2003;60:1610-1615.
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Cavum septi pellucidi--a reason to ban boxers?
McCrory
Br. J. Sports. Med. 2002;36:157-161.
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Case 12-1999- A 67-Year-Old Man with Three Years of Dementia
Drachman and Newell
NEJM 1999;340:1269-1277.
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Participation in Boxing by Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness
Pediatrics 1997;99:134-135.
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Does amateur boxing lead to chronic brain damage?: A review of some recent investigations
Haglund and Eriksson
Am J Sports Med 1993;21:97-109.
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Neuropsychologic test performance in amateur boxers
Heilbronner et al.
Am J Sports Med 1991;19:376-380.
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Amateur boxing in Denmark: The effect of some preventive measures
Schmidt-Olsen et al.
Am J Sports Med 1990;18:98-100.
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Hand injuries in boxing
Noble
Am J Sports Med 1987;15:342-346.
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