Maternal alcohol consumption and birth weight. How much drinking during pregnancy is safe?
J. L. Mills, B. I. Graubard, E. E. Harley, G. G. Rhoads and H. W. Berendes
The relationship between maternal alcohol drinking during pregnancy and
birth weight was examined using prospectively collected data from 31,604
pregnancies. The percentage of newborns below the tenth percentile of
weight for gestational age increased sharply with increasing alcohol
intake. After adjustment for other risks, a reduction in mean birth weight
was seen in drinkers compared with nondrinkers, ranging from 14 g in those
drinking less than one drink each day to 165 g in those drinking three to
five drinks each day. The adjusted odds ratio for producing a
small-for-dates newborn compared with nondrinkers ranged from 1.11 in those
drinking less than one drink daily to 1.96 in those drinking three to five
drinks daily. Consuming at least one to two drinks daily was associated
with a substantially increased risk of producing a growth-retarded infant.
Conversely, consuming less than one drink daily had a minimal effect on
intrauterine growth and birth weight.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Placental Location
Kalanithi et al.
J Ultrasound Med 2007;26:1481-1489.
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Differential Pathways to Preterm Delivery for Sexually Abused and Comparison Women
Noll et al.
J Pediatr Psychol 2007;32:1238-1248.
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Case 36-2004 - A 23-Day-Old Infant with Hypospadias and Failure to Thrive
Stoler et al.
NEJM 2004;351:2319-2326.
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The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adolescent Pregnancy, Long-Term Psychosocial Consequences, and Fetal Death
Hillis et al.
Pediatrics 2004;113:320-327.
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Patterns of Alcohol Use Before and During Pregnancy and the Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age Birth
Whitehead and Lipscomb
Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:654-662.
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Binge Drinking in the Preconception Period and the Risk of Unintended Pregnancy: Implications for Women and Their Children
Naimi et al.
Pediatrics 2003;111:1136-1141.
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Committee on Substance Abuse and Committee on Chil
Pediatrics 2000;106:358-361.
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COMMENTARY ON THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNAECOLOGISTS CONCERNING ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN PREGNANCY
Guerri et al.
Alcohol Alcohol 1999;34:497-501.
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Patient Attitudes Concerning Health Behaviors during Pregnancy: Initial Development of a Questionnaire
Tiedje et al.
Health Educ Behav 1992;19:481-493.
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It's a woman's world - fathers' participation in smoking and drinking reduction in pregnancy
Waterson et al.
Health Education Journal 1988;48:55-57.
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