The occurrence of chlamydial and gonococcal salpingitis during the menstrual cycle
R. L. Sweet, M. Blankfort-Doyle, M. O. Robbie and J. Schacter
We evaluated 104 women hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute salpingitis
to compare the relationship between the menstrual cycle and onset of acute
chlamydial and/or gonococcal salpingitis and acute salpingitis associated
with other facultative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Neisseria
gonorrhoeae was recovered from 42 women (40%), Chlamydia trachomatis from
28 (27%), and nongonococcal, nonchlamydial organisms only from the upper
genital tract in 48 (46%). Among 37 cases with symptoms of acute
salpingitis within seven days of onset of menses, 30 (81%) had chlamydial
and/or gonococcal infection. Of 35 cases with onset after 14 days
postmenses, 23 (66%) had nongonococcal, nonchlamydial organisms only. Of
the 28 women with chlamydial infection, 17 (57%) had the onset of disease
within one week from the first day of their last menstrual period.
Similarly, 23 (55%) of gonococcal infections had onset of symptoms within
one week from onset of menses. However, only seven (14%) of the women with
nongonococcal, nonchlamydial salpingitis reported onset of symptoms within
one week. The temporal pattern of onset of chlamydial or gonococcal acute
salpingitis showed significant differences when compared with the time of
onset for nongonococcal, nonchlamydial acute salpingitis.
Estrogens and Glucocorticoids Have Opposing Effects on the Amount and Latent Activity of Complement Proteins in the Rat Uterus
Rhen and Cidlowski
Biol. Reprod. 2006;74:265-274.
ABSTRACT
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The Molecular Mechanisms Used by Neisseria gonorrhoeae To Initiate Infection Differ between Men and Women
Edwards and Apicella
Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2004;17:965-981.
ABSTRACT
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Lower Genital Tract Infection and Endometritis: Insight Into Subclinical Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Wiesenfeld et al.
Obstet Gynecol 2002;100:456-463.
ABSTRACT
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Increased adhesiveness and internalization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and changes in the expression of epithelial gonococcal receptors in the Fallopian tube of copper T and Norplant(R) users
Fernandez et al.
Hum Reprod 2001;16:463-468.
ABSTRACT
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Degradation of Heme in Gram-Negative Bacteria: the Product of the hemO Gene of Neisseriae Is a Heme Oxygenase
Zhu et al.
J. Bacteriol. 2000;182:6783-6790.
ABSTRACT
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Vaginal Mucosa Serves as an Inductive Site for Tolerance
Black et al.
J. Immunol. 2000;165:5077-5083.
ABSTRACT
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Susceptibility to Gonococcal Infection During the Menstrual Cycle
Nowicki et al.
JAMA 2000;283:1291-1292.
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Use of Heme Compounds as Iron Sources by Pathogenic Neisseriae Requires the Product of the hemO Gene
Zhu et al.
J. Bacteriol. 2000;182:439-447.
ABSTRACT
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
McCormack
NEJM 1994;330:115-119.
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