You are seeing this message because your Web browser does not support basic Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing and what you can do to make your experience on this site better.


ABOUT JAMA
Advanced Search

Welcome   | My Account | E-mail Alerts | Access Rights | Sign In


  Vol. 255 No. 23, June 20, 1986 TABLE OF CONTENTS
  JAMA
  •  Online Features
  BRIEF REPORTS
 This Article
 •References
 •Full text PDF
 •Send to a friend
 • Save in My Folder
 •Save to citation manager
 •Permissions
 Citing Articles
 •Citation map
 •Citing articles on HighWire
 •Citing articles on Web of Science (46)
 •Contact me when this article is cited
 Related Content
 •Similar articles in JAMA
 Social Bookmarking
  Add to CiteULike Add to Connotea Add to Del.icio.us Add to Digg Add to Reddit Add to Technorati Add to Twitter What's this?

Physical Dependence on Nicotine in Gum

A Placebo Substitution Trial

John R. Hughes, MD; Dorothy K. Hatsukami, PhD; Kelli P. Skoog

JAMA. 1986;255(23):3277-3279.


Abstract

To test whether ex-smokers become physically dependent on nicotine in gum, we entered eight ex-smokers who were using nicotine gum into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-substitution trial. When placebo was substituted, seven of the eight subjects were observed to have withdrawal symptoms and two relapsed to smoking or nicotine gum. This result suggests that physical dependence (ie, withdrawal) may be a cause of behavioral dependence on nicotine gum (ie, use of gum beyond the recommended period) and physicians should emphasize the need for gradual reduction of nicotine gum.

(JAMA 1986;255:3277-3279)



Author Affiliations

From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Dr Hughes is now with the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington.


Footnotes

Presented at the annual meeting of the Committee on Problems in Drug Dependence, Baltimore, June 10, 1984.

Reprint requests to Behavioral Medicine Service, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405 (Dr Hughes).



Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Treatment of tobacco dependence: integrating recent progress into practice
Le Foll and George
CMAJ 2007;177:1373-1380.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Long-term Use of Nicotine vs Placebo Gum
Hughes et al.
Arch Intern Med 1991;151:1993-1998.
ABSTRACT  

Symptoms of Tobacco Withdrawal: A Replication and Extension
Hughes et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:52-59.
ABSTRACT  

Long-term Use of Nicotine Chewing Gum: Occurrence, Determinants, and Effect on Weight Gain
Hajek et al.
JAMA 1988;260:1593-1596.
ABSTRACT  

Effects of Transdermal Clonidine Treatment on Withdrawal Symptoms Associated With Smoking Cessation: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Ornish et al.
Arch Intern Med 1988;148:2027-2031.
ABSTRACT  

Dependence on Nicotine Chewing Gum
West
JAMA 1986;256:3214-3215.
ABSTRACT  





HOME | CURRENT ISSUE | PAST ISSUES | TOPIC COLLECTIONS | CME | SUBMIT | SUBSCRIBE | HELP
CONDITIONS OF USE | PRIVACY POLICY | CONTACT US | SITE MAP
 
© 1986 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.