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Cardiovascular Mortality, Hypertension Prevalence, and Relationships Between Blood Pressure and Sodium Intake

Thomas K. Welty, MD, MPH; Lambertina Freni-Titulaer, MD, MSPH; Matthew M. Zack, MD, MPH; Peter Weber; Jeffrey Sippel, MD, PhD; Nina Huete, RN, MPH; James Justice, MD, MPH; Dan Dever; Mary Ann Murphy, RN, MPH

JAMA. 1986;255(5):622-626.

Abstract
A high level of sodium (440 mg/L) in the water supply of Gila Bend, Ariz, caused concern because of apparently elevated rates of hypertension in Gila Bend Papago Indians. We surveyed 342 Gila Bend Papago Indians and 375 non-Indians from July to September 1983. Participants 25 years of age and older were interviewed for health risk factors, water consumption, and dietary sodium and calcium intake and had height, weight, blood pressure, and urinary sodium and potassium levels measured. No consistent associations were found between any of the sodium values and systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Mean blood pressures for the Gila Bend whites were lower in most age groups than in comparison US white populations. The prevalence rates of hypertension in Gila Bend were not significantly higher than national rates.

(JAMA 1986;255:622-626)

Author Affiliations
From the Division of Chronic Disease Control, Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta (Drs Welty, Freni-Titulaer, Zack, and Sippel, Mr Weber, and Ms Murphy); the Department of Community Health Services, Phoenix Area Indian Health Service (Ms Huete), and the Hypertension Program, Division of Disease Control Services, Arizona Department of Health Services (Mr Dever), Phoenix; and the Division of Health Systems Development, Indian Health Service, Tucson (Dr Justice). Dr Welty is now with the Aberdeen Area Indian Health Services, Public Health Service Indian Hospital, Rapid City, SD.

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Chronic Disease Division, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr Zack).

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