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An Outbreak of a Newly Recognized Chronic Diarrhea Syndrome Associated With Raw Milk Consumption
Michael T. Osterholm, PhD, MPH;
Kristine L. MacDonald, MD;
Karen E. White, MPH;
Joy G. Wells, MS;
John S. Spika, MD;
Morris E. Potter, DVM;
Jan C. Forfang, MPH;
Ronald M. Sorenson, MD;
Paul T. Milloy, MD;
Paul A. Blake, MD, MPH
JAMA. 1986;256(4):484-490.
Abstract
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A previously undescribed chronic diarrhea syndrome affected 122 residents of Brainerd, Minn, between December 1983 and July 1984. The illness lasted at least one year for 75% of case-patients and was characterized by acute onset, marked urgency, a lack of systemic symptoms, and a failure of response to antimicrobial agents. Clinical and laboratory data indicate that the diarrhea was caused by a secretory mechanism. Consumption of raw milk from a single dairy was associated with illness (odds ratio, 28.3; 95% confidence interval, 9.0 to 89.0). A median incubation period of 15 days was determined for seven case-patients. Possible secondary transmission was noted in one family. Extensive laboratory examination did not identify an etiologic agent. Outbreaks or sporadic cases of a similar illness have occurred in at least seven states; the outbreaks were less extensively investigated and findings were not published, but raw milk consumption was common in the affected persons. This illness appears to represent a previously unrecognized but important clinical entity and public health problem. The etiology and effective therapy for this illness must be determined by further studies of sporadic cases and outbreaks.
(JAMA 1986;256:484-490)
Author Affiliations
From the Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Minnesota Department of Health (Dr Osterholm and Mss White and Forfang), and the Infectious Disease Program, Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota (Dr Osterholm), Minneapolis; the Brainerd Medical Center, PA, Brainerd, Minn (Drs Sorenson and Milloy); and the Enteric Diseases Branch (Drs MacDonald, Spika, and Blake and Ms Wells) and the Zoonoses Branch (Dr Potter), Division of Bacterial Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta.
Footnotes
Reprint requests to State Epidemiologist and Chief, Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Minnesota Department of Health, 717 Delaware St SE, PO Box 9441, Minneapolis, MN 55440 (Dr Osterholm).
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