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Michael T. Osterholm, PhD, MPH; Joan H. Rambeck, MS, RN; Karen E. White, MPH; Jean L. Jacobs, RN; Lynne M. Pierson; James D. Neaton, PhD; Craig W. Hedberg, MS; Kristine L. MacDonald, MD; Dan M. Granoff, MD

JAMA. 1988;260(10):1423-1428.

Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of Haemophilus b polysaccharide vaccine in children in Minnesota using a case-control study. The vaccine became available in Minnesota in August 1985. During the subsequent 28 months, 88 cases of invasive H influenzae type b disease were identified in children 24 to 71 months of age, the group targeted for vaccination. Of the 88 cases, 36 (41%) occurred in vaccinated children. Fifty-eight (33%) of 176 controls were vaccinated during a similar period. The vaccine's protective efficacy for children with any history of vaccination was -58% (95% confidence interval = -204% to 18%). The vaccine's protective efficacy for children who were most likely to be protected by vaccination was -55% (95% confidence interval = -238% to 29%). Our results indicate that vaccination with Haemophilus b polysaccharide vaccine had no effect in preventing H influenzae type b disease in Minnesota children.

(JAMA 1988;260:1423-1428)

Author Affiliations
From the Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Minnesota Department of Health (Drs Osterholm and MacDonald, Mss Rambeck, White, and Pierson, and Mr Hedberg), and the Division of Biometry, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota (Dr Neaton), Minneapolis; and the Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine (Dr Granoff), and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital (Dr Granoff), St Louis.

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Minnesota Department of Health, 717 Delaware St SE, PO Box 9441, Minneapolis, MN 55440 (Dr Osterholm).

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