This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in JAMA  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Effects on Drug Use Prevalence

Mary Ann Pentz, PhD; James H. Dwyer, PhD; David P. MacKinnon, PhD; Brian R. Flay, DPhil; William B. Hansen, PhD; Eric Yu I. Wang, MS; C. Anderson Johnson, PhD

JAMA. 1989;261(22):3259-3266.

Abstract
The entire early adolescent population of the 15 communities that constitute the Kansas City (Kansas and Missouri) metropolitan area has participated in a community-based program for prevention of drug abuse since September 1984. The Kansas City area is the first of two major metropolitan sites being evaluated in the Midwestern Prevention Project, a longitudinal trial for primary prevention of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use in adolescents. The project includes mass media programming, a school-based educational program for youths, parent education and organization, community organization, and health policy components that are introduced sequentially into communities during a 6-year period. Effects of the program are determined through annual assessments of adolescent drug use in schools that are assigned to immediate intervention or delayed intervention control conditions. In the first 2 years of the project, 22 500 sixth- and seventh-grade adolescents received the school-based educational program component, with parental involvement in homework and mass media coverage. Analyses of 42 schools indicate that the prevalence rates of use for all three drugs are significantly lower at 1-year follow-up in the intervention condition relative to the delayed intervention condition, with or without controlling for race, grade, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity (17% vs 24% for cigarette smoking, 11% vs 16% for alcohol use, and 7% vs 10% for marijuana use in the last month), and the net increase in drug use prevalence among intervention schools is half that of delayed intervention schools.

(JAMA. 1989;261:3259-3266)

Author Affiliations
From the Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Pasadena (Drs Pentz, Dwyer, MacKinnon, Hansen, and Johnson and Mr Wang); and the Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago (Dr Flay).

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 35 N Lake Ave, Suite 200, Pasadena, CA 91101 (Dr Pentz).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Results of a Type 2 Translational Research Trial to Prevent Adolescent Drug Use and Delinquency: A Test of Communities That Care
Hawkins et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;163:789-798.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Legal Drinking Age and Underage Drinking in the United States
Hingson
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;163:598-600.
FULL TEXT  

Age of Drinking Onset, Alcohol Use Disorders, Frequent Heavy Drinking, and Unintentionally Injuring Oneself and Others After Drinking
Hingson and Zha
Pediatrics 2009;123:1477-1484.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Ecodevelopmental x Intrapersonal Risk: Substance Use and Sexual Behavior in Hispanic Adolescents
Prado et al.
Health Educ Behav 2009;36:45-61.
ABSTRACT  

Preventive Interventions Addressing Underage Drinking: State of the Evidence and Steps Toward Public Health Impact
Spoth et al.
Pediatrics 2008;121:S311-S336.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The intermediate endpoint effect in logistic and probit regression
MacKinnon et al.
Clin Trials 2007;4:499-513.
ABSTRACT  

Community Coalitions as a System: Effects of Network Change on Adoption of Evidence-Based Substance Abuse Prevention
Valente et al.
AJPH 2007;97:880-886.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Devil Is in the Details: Examining the Evidence for "Proven" School-Based Drug Abuse Prevention Programs
Gandhi et al.
Eval Rev 2007;31:43-74.
ABSTRACT  

The interaction of curriculum type and implementation method on 1-year smoking outcomes in a school-based prevention program
Valente et al.
Health Educ Res 2006;21:315-324.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Translation in Tobacco and Drug Abuse Prevention Research
Pentz et al.
Eval Health Prof 2006;29:246-271.
ABSTRACT  

Young driver risk factors: successful and unsuccessful approaches for dealing with them and an agenda for the future
Williams
Inj. Prev. 2006;12:i4-i8.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Compliance and support for smoke-free school policies
Trinidad et al.
Health Educ Res 2005;20:466-475.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Meta-Analysis of Adolescent Psychosocial Smoking Prevention Programs Published Between 1978 and 1997 in the United States
Hwang et al.
Health Educ Behav 2004;31:702-719.
ABSTRACT  

Examination of the Relationship between Community Support and Tobacco Control Activities as a Part of Youth Empowerment Programs
Hinnant et al.
Health Educ Behav 2004;31:629-640.
ABSTRACT  

The Potential Protective Effect of Youth Assets on Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Use
Oman et al.
AJPH 2004;94:1425-1430.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Modifying Pro-Drug Risk Factors in Adolescents: Results From Project ALERT
Ghosh-Dastidar et al.
Health Educ Behav 2004;31:318-334.
ABSTRACT  

Reducing social inequalities in smoking: can evidence inform policy? A pilot study
Ogilvie and Petticrew
Tobacco Control 2004;13:129-131.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effects of 2 Prevention Programs on High-Risk Behaviors Among African American Youth: A Randomized Trial
Flay et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004;158:377-384.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials: A Review of Recent Practices
Varnell et al.
AJPH 2004;94:393-399.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Driver education renaissance?
Williams and Ferguson
Inj. Prev. 2004;10:4-7.
FULL TEXT  

Smoking, Adolescents and Health: Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme-Heart Health Promotion from Childhood
Kelishadi et al.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2004;16:15-22.
ABSTRACT  

Positive Youth Development in the United States: Research Findings on Evaluations of Positive Youth Development Programs
Catalano et al.
The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2004;591:98-124.
ABSTRACT  

Feasibility of implementing intervention methods in an adolescent worksite tobacco control study
Hunt et al.
Tobacco Control 2003;12:iv40-45.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effects of a Social-Network Method for Group Assignment Strategies on Peer-Led Tobacco Prevention Programs in Schools
Valente et al.
AJPH 2003;93:1837-1843.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Reconsidering Community-Based Health Promotion: Promise, Performance, and Potential
Merzel and D'Afflitti
AJPH 2003;93:557-574.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Community-Based Trial to Prevent Drug Use Among Youths in Yunnan, China
Wu et al.
AJPH 2002;92:1952-1957.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Supporting Community-Based Prevention and Health Promotion Initiatives: Developing Effective Technical Assistance Systems
Mitchell et al.
Health Educ Behav 2002;29:620-639.
ABSTRACT  

Will the `Principles of Effectiveness' improve prevention practice? Early findings from a diffusion study
Hallfors and Godette
Health Educ Res 2002;17:461-470.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Project Northland: long-term outcomes of community action to reduce adolescent alcohol use
Perry et al.
Health Educ Res 2002;17:117-132.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Estimates of Intragroup Dependence for Drug Use and Skill Measures in School-Based Drug Abuse Prevention Trials: An Empirical Study of Three Independent Samples
Scheier et al.
Health Educ Behav 2002;29:85-103.
ABSTRACT  

Rethinking drugs prevention: Radical thoughts from social marketing
Hastings et al.
Health Education Journal 2002;61:347-364.
ABSTRACT  

Chapter 4: Extracurricular and Other After-School Activities for Youth
Eccles and Templeton
REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION 2002;26:113-180.
 

An After-School Evaluation System for Middle and High School Programs
Huang
NASSP Bulletin 2001;85:45-61.
ABSTRACT  

Book Review
Lewis
Health Educ Behav 2001;28:512-513.
 

How did Project Northland reduce alcohol use among young adolescents? Analysis of mediating variables
Komro et al.
Health Educ Res 2001;16:59-70.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Family Matters: A Family-Directed Program Designed to Prevent Adolescent Tobacco and Alcohol Use
Bauman et al.
Health Promot Pract 2001;2:81-96.
ABSTRACT  

Application of a Generalized Random Effects Regression Model for Cluster-correlated Longitudinal Data to a School-based Smoking Prevention Trial
Sashegyi et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:1192-1200.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Using PANDA (Preventing the Abuse of Tobacco, Narcotics, Drugs, and Alcohol) in a Baltimore City Head Start Setting: A Preliminary Study
Belcher et al.
Journal of Black Psychology 2000;26:437-449.
ABSTRACT  

Effect of restrictions on smoking at home, at school, and in public places on teenage smoking: cross sectional study
Wakefield et al.
BMJ 2000;321:333-337.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effectiveness of comprehensive tobacco control programmes in reducing teenage smoking in the USA
Wakefield and Chaloupka
Tobacco Control 2000;9:177-186.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Investing in youth tobacco control: a review of smoking prevention and control strategies
Lantz et al.
Tobacco Control 2000;9:47-63.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Etiology of Alcohol Use Among Hispanic Adolescents: Sex-Specific Effects of Social Influences to Drink and Problem Behaviors
Epstein et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999;153:1077-1084.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Preventing Adolescent Health-Risk Behaviors by Strengthening Protection During Childhood
Hawkins et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999;153:226-234.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Substance Abuse in Children: Prediction, Protection, and Prevention
Belcher and Shinitzky
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998;152:952-960.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

CINCH: An Urban Coalition for Empowerment and Action
Butterfoss et al.
Health Educ Behav 1998;25:212-225.
ABSTRACT  

Relations of Social Skills, Personal Competence, and Adolescent Alcohol Use: A Developmental Exploratory Study
Scheier and Botvin
The Journal of Early Adolescence 1998;18:77-114.
ABSTRACT  

The Irrelevance of Evidence in the Development of School-Based Drug Prevention Policy, 1986-1996
Gorman
Eval Rev 1998;22:118-146.
ABSTRACT  

Evaluating Efforts To Reduce Community-Level Problems Through Structural Rather Than Individual Change: A Multicomponent Community Trial to Prevent Alcohol-Involved Problems
Treno and Holder
Eval Rev 1997;21:133-139.
 

Community Mobilization, Organizing, and Media Advocacy: A Discussion of Methodological Issues
Treno and Holder
Eval Rev 1997;21:166-190.
ABSTRACT  

Involving Parents of High-Risk Youth in Drug Prevention: A Three-Year Longitudinal Study in Boys & Girls Clubs
Pierre et al.
The Journal of Early Adolescence 1997;17:21-50.
ABSTRACT  

Optimal Development in Adolescence: What is it and How Can it be Encouraged?
Wagner
The Counseling Psychologist 1996;24:360-399.
ABSTRACT  

Prevention of Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Abuse: Federal Efforts to Stimulate Prevention Research
JANSEN et al.
American Behavioral Scientist 1996;39:790-807.
ABSTRACT  

Breadth of Program and Outcome Effectiveness in Drug Abuse Prevention
JOHNSON et al.
American Behavioral Scientist 1996;39:884-896.
ABSTRACT  

Integrating Supply and Demand Reduction Strategies for Drug Abuse Prevention
PENTZ et al.
American Behavioral Scientist 1996;39:897-910.
ABSTRACT  

Diffusion of School-Based Substance Abuse Prevention Programs
ROHRBACH et al.
American Behavioral Scientist 1996;39:919-934.
ABSTRACT  

Community Coalitions for Prevention and Health Promotion: Factors Predicting Satisfaction, Participation, and Planning
Butterfoss et al.
Health Educ Behav 1996;23:65-79.
ABSTRACT  

Foreword: A Call for Findings-Model Programs from the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention's High-Risk Youth Program
Blakely et al.
Journal of Adolescent Research 1996;11:6-11.
 

Effective mental health promotion: a literature review
Hodgson et al.
Health Education Journal 1996;55:55-74.
 

Prevention Effects of the Child Development Project: Early Findings from an Ongoing Multisite Demonstration Trial
Battistich et al.
Journal of Adolescent Research 1996;11:12-35.
ABSTRACT  

The Factors of Production in Retail Drug-Dealing
Kleiman and Young
Urban Affairs Review 1995;30:730-748.
ABSTRACT  

A Parent-Targeted Intervention for Adolescent Substance Use Prevention: Lessons Learned
Cohen and Rice
Eval Rev 1995;19:159-180.
ABSTRACT  

Health Interventions for African American and Latino Youth: The Potential Role of Mass Media
Romer and Kim
Health Educ Behav 1995;22:172-189.
ABSTRACT  

Our Current Approach to Drug Abuse -- Progress, Problems, Proposals
Kleber
NEJM 1994;330:361-365.
FULL TEXT  

Deviance and Deviants: Why Adolescent Substance Use Prevention Programs Do Not Work
Brown and Horowitz
Eval Rev 1993;17:529-555.
ABSTRACT  

AIDS Risk Reduction Among A Multiethnic Sample of Urban High School Students
Walter and Vaughan
JAMA 1993;270:725-730.
ABSTRACT  

Perceptions of Drug Selling and Drug Use among Urban Youths
Feigelman et al.
The Journal of Early Adolescence 1993;13:267-284.
ABSTRACT  

Substance Use Prevention and Students with Behavioral Disorders: Guidelines for School Professionals
MORGAN
Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 1993;1:170-178.
ABSTRACT  

Changing Adolescent Propensities to Use Drugs: Results from Project ALERT
Ellickson et al.
Health Educ Behav 1993;20:227-242.
ABSTRACT  

School-Based Primary Prevention of Depressive Symptomatology in Adolescents: Findings from Two Studies
Clarke et al.
Journal of Adolescent Research 1993;8:183-204.
ABSTRACT  

Estimating Mediated Effects in Prevention Studies
Mackinnon and Dwyer
Eval Rev 1993;17:144-158.
ABSTRACT  

Substance Abuse Problems among High-Risk Youth and Potential Interventions
Greenwood
Crime Delinquency 1992;38:444-458.
ABSTRACT  

Chapter 3: The Influence of Contemporary Issues Curricula on School-Aged Youth
Leming
REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION 1992;18:111-161.
 

Developmental Trajectories of Substance Use in Adolescence: Differences and Predictors
Labouvie et al.
International Journal of Behavioral Development 1991;14:305-328.
ABSTRACT  

Drug Abuse in the United States
Strategies for Prevention
JAMA 1991;265:2102-2107.
ABSTRACT  

Effects of Program Implementation on Adolescent Drug Use Behavior: The Midwestern Prevention Project (MPP)
Pentz et al.
Eval Rev 1990;14:264-289.
ABSTRACT  

Social Psychological Contributions to the Understanding and Prevention of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking
Chassin et al.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull 1990;16:133-151.
ABSTRACT