This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in JAMA  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Don C. Des Jarlais, PhD; Samuel R. Friedman, PhD; David M. Novick, MD; Jo L. Sotheran, MA; Pauline Thomas, MD; Stanley R. Yancovitz, MD; Donna Mildvan, MD; John Weber, RPA; Mary Jeanne Kreek, MD; Robert Maslansky, MD; Sarah Bartelme, RN; Thomas Spira, MD; Michael Marmor, PhD

JAMA. 1989;261(7):1008-1012.

Abstract
Intravenous drug users are the second largest group to develop the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and they are the primary source for heterosexual and perinatal transmission in the United States and Europe. Understanding long-term trends in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus among intravenous drug users is critical to controlling the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome surveillance data and seroprevalence studies of drug treatment program entrants are used to trace seroprevalence trends among intravenous drug users in the borough of Manhattan. The virus entered this drug-using group during the mid-1970s and spread rapidly in 1979 through 1983. From 1984 through 1987, the seroprevalence rate stabilized between 55% and 60%—well below hepatitis B seroprevalence rates. This relatively constant rate is attributed to new infections, new seronegative persons beginning drug injection, seropositive persons leaving drug injection, and increasing conscious risk reduction.

(JAMA 1989;261:1008-1012)

Author Affiliations
From the New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services (Dr Des Jarlais), Narcotic and Drug Research Inc (Dr Friedman and Ms Sotheran), the Beth Israel Medical Center (Drs Novick, Yancovitz, and Mildvan, and Mr Weber), New York City Department of Health (Dr Thomas), Rockefeller University (Dr Kreek), Bellevue Medical Center, New York (Dr Maslansky and Ms Bartelme); Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta (Dr Spira); and the New York University Medical Center, New York (Dr Marmor).

Footnotes
Reprint requests to the New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services, 11 Beach St, New York, NY 10013 (Dr Des Jarlais).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Persistence and Change in Disparities in HIV Infection Among Injection Drug Users in New York City After Large-Scale Syringe Exchange Programs
Des Jarlais et al.
AJPH 2009;99:S445-S451.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

HIV Prevention for Injecting Drug Users: The First 25 Years and Counting
Jarlais and Semaan
Psychosom. Med. 2008;70:606-611.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

HIV Incidence Among Injection Drug Users in New York City, 1990 to 2002: Use of Serologic Test Algorithm to Assess Expansion of HIV Prevention Services
Des Jarlais et al.
AJPH 2005;95:1439-1444.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sex Differences in Risk Factors for HIV Seroconversion Among Injection Drug Users: A 10-Year Perspective
Strathdee et al.
Arch Intern Med 2001;161:1281-1288.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Network-related Mechanisms May Help Explain Long-term HIV-1 Seroprevalence Levels That Remain High but Do Not Approach Population-Group Saturation
Friedman et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:913-922.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Interpreting the relation between injection drug use and harm: a cautionary note
CMAJ 2000;162:1695-1696.
 

AIDS in Women in the United States: Recent Trends
Wortley and Fleming
JAMA 1997;278:911-916.
ABSTRACT  

Prevention of HIV/AIDS and Other Blood-Borne Diseases Among Injection Drug Users: A National Survey on the Regulation of Syringes and Needles
Gostin et al.
JAMA 1997;277:53-62.
ABSTRACT  

Psychiatric and Substance Use Comorbidity Among Treatment-Seeking Opioid Abusers
Brooner et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:71-80.
ABSTRACT  

Maintaining Low HIV Seroprevalence in Populations of Injecting Drug Users
Des Jarlais et al.
JAMA 1995;274:1226-1231.
ABSTRACT  

Targeted HIV-Prevention Programs
Des Jarlais et al.
NEJM 1994;331:1451-1453.
FULL TEXT  

Continuity and Change Within an HIV Epidemic: Injecting Drug Users in New York City, 1984 Through 1992
Jarlais et al.
JAMA 1994;271:121-127.
ABSTRACT  

Opiate Dependency Among the Subscribers of a New York Area Private Insurance Plan
Eisenhandler and Drucker
JAMA 1993;269:2890-2891.
ABSTRACT  

Condom Use Among Male Injecting-Drug Users--New York City, 1987-1990
JAMA 1992;268:1653-1653.
 

Anonymous Human Immunodeficiency Virus Surveillance and Clinically Directed Testing in a Newark, NJ, Hospital
Lombardo et al.
Arch Intern Med 1991;151:965-968.
ABSTRACT  

HIV-1 Infection In The Correctional Setting
Vlahov
Criminal Justice Policy Review 1990;4:306-318.
ABSTRACT  

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Homeless Men in a New York City Shelter: Association With Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Torres et al.
Arch Intern Med 1990;150:2030-2036.
ABSTRACT  

The Association of Syphilis With Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Patients Attending Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics
Quinn et al.
Arch Intern Med 1990;150:1297-1302.
ABSTRACT  

Absence of Antibody to Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Long-term, Socially Rehabilitated Methadone Maintenance Patients
Novick et al.
Arch Intern Med 1990;150:97-99.
ABSTRACT  

HIV-1 Antibody Reactivity in Inner-city Alcoholics
Schleifer et al.
JAMA 1989;262:2680-2681.
ABSTRACT  

Modeling the Spread of HIV
Salzberg et al.
JAMA 1989;262:1329-1330.
ABSTRACT  

Prevalence of HIV Infection Among Intravenous Drug Users in the United States
Hahn et al.
JAMA 1989;261:2677-2684.
ABSTRACT