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John R. Hughes, MD; Steven W. Gust, PhD; Robert M. Keenan; James W. Fenwick, PhD; Margaret L. Healey, PhD

JAMA. 1989;261(9):1300-1305.

Abstract
Three hundred fifteen smokers who attended a family practice clinic and wished to quit smoking were assigned in a random, double-blind manner to receive either nicotine (2 mg) or placebo gum. Smokers initially received brief advice from a physician and nurse, a slide presentation and written materials (29 to 35 minutes), and a single follow-up visit (12 to 20 minutes) one week after cessation. After corrections for marital status and income, 10% of those who received nicotine gum and 7% of those who received placebo gum reported continuous abstinence for 11 months and passed observer and biochemical verification (this difference was not statistically significant). We conclude that, when used in a nonselected group of smokers along with a brief intervention in a general medical practice, the pharmacologic effects of nicotine gum to increase cessation are either small or nonexistent.

(JAMA 1989;261:1300-1305)

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Family Practice (Dr Hughes), and Mathematics and Statistics (Dr Fenwick), University of Vermont, Burlington; the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, DC (Dr Gust); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota (Mr Keenan), and Park-Nicollet Medical Foundation (Dr Healey), Minneapolis.

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, One S Prospect St, Burlington, VT 05405 (Dr Hughes).

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