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  Vol. 262 No. 17, November 3, 1989 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality

A Prospective Study of Healthy Men and Women

Steven N. Blair, PED; Harold W. Kohl III, MSPH; Ralph S. Paffenbarger, Jr, MD, DrPH; Debra G. Clark, MS; Kenneth H. Cooper, MD, MPH; Larry W. Gibbons, MD, MPH

JAMA. 1989;262(17):2395-2401.


Abstract

We studied physical fitness and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 10 224 men and 3120 women who were given a preventive medical examination. Physical fitness was measured by a maximal treadmill exercise test. Average follow-up was slightly more than 8 years, for a total of 110 482 person-years of observation. There were 240 deaths in men and 43 deaths in women. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates declined across physical fitness quintiles from 64.0 per 10 000 person-years in the least-fit men to 18.6 per 10 000 person-years in the most-fit men (slope, —4.5). Corresponding values for women were 39.5 per 10 000 person-years to 8.5 per 10 000 person-years (slope, —5.5). These trends remained after statistical adjustment for age, smoking habit, cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level, parental history of coronary heart disease, and follow-up interval. Lower mortality rates in higher fitness categories also were seen for cardiovascular disease and cancer of combined sites. Attributable risk estimates for all-cause mortality indicated that low physical fitness was an important risk factor in both men and women. Higher levels of physical fitness appear to delay all-cause mortality primarily due to lowered rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer.

(JAMA. 1989;262:2395-2401)



Author Affiliations

From the Institute for Aerobics Research, Dallas, Tex.


Footnotes

Reprint requests to the Institute for Aerobics Research, 12330 Preston Rd, Dallas, TX 75230 (Dr Blair).



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