This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on Web of Science (109)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in JAMA  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Hillary S. Klonoff-Cohen, PhD; David A. Savitz, PhD; Robert C. Cefalo, MD, PhD; Margaret F. McCann, PhD

JAMA. 1989;262(22):3143-3147.

Abstract
The primary hypothesis of this study was that contraceptive methods that prevent exposure to sperm and seminal fluid (condoms, diaphragms, spermicides, withdrawal) are associated with an increased risk of developing preeclampsia during the subsequent pregnancy. A case-control study was conducted comparing the contraceptive and reproductive histories of 110 primiparous women with preeclampsia with 115 pregnant women without preeclampsia, aged 15 to 35 years, who gave birth at North Carolina Memorial Hospital, Chapel Hill, between 1984 and 1987. Controls were frequency matched to cases by age, race, and distance from the hospital. Unconditional logistic regression analysis indicated a 2.37-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 5.58) increased risk of preeclampsia for users of contraceptives that prevent exposure to sperm. A dose-response gradient was observed, with increasing risk of preeclampsia for those with fewer episodes of sperm exposure. These results were supportive of the hypothesis that birth control methods that prevent sperm exposure may play a role in the etiology of preeclampsia.

(JAMA. 1989;262:3143-3147)

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Drs Klonoff-Cohen, Savitz, and McCann), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, School of Medicine (Dr Cefalo), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Dr Klonoff-Cohen is now with the Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla.

Footnotes
Reprint requests to 79680 Bermuda Dunes Dr, Bermuda Dunes, CA 92201 (Dr Klonoff-Cohen).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Preeclampsia: The Role of Angiogenic Factors in Its Pathogenesis
Wang et al.
Physiology 2009;24:147-158.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Seminal Fluid Drives Expansion of the CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cell Pool and Induces Tolerance to Paternal Alloantigens in Mice
Robertson et al.
Biol. Reprod. 2009;80:1036-1045.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prepregnancy cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of pre-eclampsia: population based cohort study
Magnussen et al.
BMJ 2007;335:978-978.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Endothelial Activation and Cell Adhesion Molecule Concentrations in Pregnant Women Living at High Altitude
Marks et al.
Reproductive Sciences 2006;13:399-403.
ABSTRACT  

Abortion, Changed Paternity, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Nulliparous Women
Saftlas et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:1108-1114.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Summary of the NHLBI Working Group on Research on Hypertension During Pregnancy
Roberts et al.
Hypertension 2003;41:437-445.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Subfecundity as a Correlate of Preeclampsia: A Study within the Danish National Birth Cohort
Basso et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:195-202.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Changing paternity and time since last pregnancy; the impact on pre-eclampsia risk. A study of 547 238 women with and without previous pre-eclampsia
Trogstad et al.
Int J Epidemiol 2001;30:1317-1322.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Commentary: Revisiting the primipaternity theory of pre-eclampsia
Eskenazi and Harley
Int J Epidemiol 2001;30:1323-1324.
FULL TEXT  

Pre-eclampsia: hypotheses
Sekotory Mahmoud Ahmed
The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 2001;121:76-78.
 

Long-term sexual co-habitation offers no protection from hypertensive disease of pregnancy
Hall et al.
Hum Reprod 2001;16:349-352.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The effect of intercourse on pregnancy rates during assisted human reproduction
Tremellen et al.
Hum Reprod 2000;15:2653-2658.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Angiotensin-1 Receptor Autoantibodies : A Role in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia?
Roberts
Circulation 2000;101:2335-2337.
FULL TEXT  

Preeclampsia Prevention and Management
Norwitz and Repke
Reproductive Sciences 2000;7:21-36.
ABSTRACT  

The influence of donated gametes on the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Salha et al.
Hum Reprod 1999;14:2268-2273.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Preeclampsia Is Associated with Decreased Placental Interleukin-6 Production
Kauma et al.
Reproductive Sciences 1995;2:614-617.
ABSTRACT  

Barrier Contraceptive Methods and Preeclampsia
Mills et al.
JAMA 1991;265:70-73.
ABSTRACT  

RISK OF PREECLAMPSIA LINKED TO CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD
JWatch General 1989;1989:1-1.
FULL TEXT  

Immunology, Contraception, and Preeclampsia
Beer
JAMA 1989;262:3184-3184.
ABSTRACT