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Kenneth Blum, PhD; Ernest P. Noble, PhD, MD; Peter J. Sheridan, PhD; Anne Montgomery, MSc; Terry Ritchie, PhD; Pudur Jagadeeswaran, PhD; Harou Nogami, PhD; Arthur H. Briggs, MD; Jay B. Cohn, MD, PhD

JAMA. 1990;263(15):2055-2060.

Abstract
In a blinded experiment, we report the first allelic association of the dopamine D₂ receptor gene in alcoholism. From 70 brain samples of alcoholics and nonalcoholics, DNA was digested with restriction endonucleases and probed with a clone that contained the entire 3' coding exon, the polyadenylation signal, and approximately 16.4 kilobases of noncoding 3' sequence of the human dopamine D₂ receptor gene (hD2G1). In the present samples, the presence of A1 allele of the dopamine D₂ receptor gene correctly classified 77% of alcoholics, and its absence classified 72% of nonalcoholics. The polymorphic pattern of this receptor gene suggests that a gene that confers susceptibility to at least one form of alcoholism is located on the q22-q23 region of chromosome 11.

(JAMA. 1990;263:2055-2060)

Author Affiliations
From the Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Division of Addictive Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (Drs Blum and Briggs and Ms Montgomery) and the Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (Drs Sheridan, Jagadeeswaran, and Nogami), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; and the Alcohol Research Center, Neuropsychiatric Institute and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (Drs Noble, Ritchie, and Cohn).

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78284 (Dr Blum).

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