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Dale Nordenberg, MD; Ray Yip, MD, MPH; Nancy J. Binkin, MD, MPH

JAMA. 1990;264(12):1556-1559.

Abstract
The relationships among cigarette smoking, hemoglobin concentration, and carboxyhemoglobin concentration were examined using data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among women, smokers had a mean (±SE) hemoglobin level of 137 ±0.4 g/L, significantly higher than the mean hemoglobin level of 133 ±0.5 g/L for never-smokers. Among men, the mean hemoglobin levels for smokers and never-smokers were 156 ±0.4 and 152 ±0.5 g/L, respectively. No significant difference in mean hemoglobin was noted between ex-smokers and never-smokers. Mean hemoglobin levels and carboxyhemoglobin levels increased progressively with the number of cigarettes consumed per day. Cigarette smoking seems to cause a generalized upward shift of the hemoglobin distribution curve, which reduces the utility of hemoglobin level to detect anemia. Among women of comparable socioeconomic status, the prevalence of anemia was 4.8% ±0.6% among smokers, compared with 8.5% ± 1.2% among never-smokers. This study suggests that minimum hemoglobin cutoff values should be adjusted for smokers to compensate for the masking effect of smoking on the detection of anemia.

(JAMA. 1990;264:1556-1559)

Author Affiliations
From the Division of Nutrition, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga.

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Division of Nutrition, Mail Stop A-41, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr Yip).

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