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Prevalence and Causes

Mohamad R. Dana, MD, MPH; James M. Tielsch, PhD; Cheryl Enger, MS; Ellen Joyce, MD; Jeanne M. Santoli; Hugh R. Taylor, MD

JAMA. 1990;264(18):2400-2405.

Abstract
A population-based survey of 1136 subjects aged 40 years and older was conducted in a rural valley of Kentucky to determine the nature and extent of visual disability in an underserved area of rural America. Data on corrected visual acuity and ocular history, along with demographic, socioeconomic, and health care utilization parameters, were gathered. Those subjects with an acuity below 20/60 in either eye underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. The prevalence of binocular blindness (acuity worse than 20/400 in the better eye) was 0.44% and of monocular blindness (acuity worse than 20/400 in one eye) was 3.3%, approximately twice the national rates. The chief cause of bilateral visual impairment was macular degeneration among men and cataract among women. Cataract, trauma, and amblyopia were the major causes of monocular visual impairment in both sexes. Risk factor analysis revealed younger age, higher education, active employment, access to a health care facility, and comprehensive health insurance coverage to be inversely associated with visual impairment.

(JAMA. 1990;264:2400-2405)

Author Affiliations
From the Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Ophthalmologic Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (Drs Dana, Tielsch, and Taylor and Mss Enger and Santoli); and the Mud Creek Clinic, Grethel, Ky (Dr Joyce). Dr Dana is now with the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, Ill, and Dr Joyce is now with the Department of Family Practice, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Ky.

Footnotes
Reprint requests to The Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1855 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612 (Dr Dana).

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