 |
|
Blood Contacts During Surgical Procedures
Adelisa L. Panlilio, MD, MPH;
Deretha R. Foy, RN, MPH;
Jonathan R. Edwards, MS;
David M. Bell, MD;
Betty A. Welch, BSN;
Christine M. Parrish, RN, MS;
David H. Culver, PhD;
Philip W. Lowry, MD;
William R. Jarvis, MD;
Carl A. Perlino, MD
JAMA. 1991;265(12):1533-1537.
Abstract
| |
Operating room personnel are at risk for infection with blood-borne pathogens through blood contact. To describe the nature and frequency of blood contact and its risk factors, trained observers monitored a sample of operations performed by six surgical services at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Ga, for 6 months. In 62 (30.1%) of 206 operations, at least one blood contact was observed. Of 1828 operating room person-procedures observed, 96 (5.3%) had 147 blood contacts (133 skin contacts [90%], 10 percutaneous injuries [7%], and four eye splashes [3%]). The mean number of blood contacts per 100 personprocedures was highest for surgeons (18.6). The frequency of percutaneous injury was similar among surgeons and scrub staff (mean, 1.2 per 100 workerprocedures for each group). Risk factors for surgeons' blood contacts were (1) performing a trauma, burn, or orthopedic emergency procedure (odds ratio [OR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 8.7); (2) patient blood loss exceeding 250mL ([ill] 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.7); and (3) being in the operating room longer than 1 hour (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 7.1). Of 110 blood contacts among surgeons, 81 (74%) were potentially preventable by additional barrier precautions, such as face shields and fluid-resistant gowns. Twenty-one (84%) of 25 blood contacts among surgeons in procedures in which all three risk factors were present were potentially preventable by additional barriers. Of 29 blood contacts among anesthesia and circulating personnel, 20 (69%) would have been prevented by glove use. For surgical procedures in which operating room personnel are at increased risk of blood contact, reevaluation of surgical technique, use of appropriate barrier precautions, and development of punctureresistant glove materials are indicated.
(JAMA. 1991;265:1533-1537)
Author Affiliations
From the Hospital Infections Program, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control (Drs Panlilio, Bell, Culver, Lowry, and Jarvis and Mr Edwards), the Department of Epidemiology, Grady Memorial Hospital (Mss Foy, Welch, and Parrish), and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine (Dr Perlino), Atlanta, Ga.
Footnotes
Reprint requests to Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control, Mailstop C-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr Panlilio).
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter
What's this?
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Transmission and Prevention of Occupational Infections in Orthopaedic Surgeons
Wong and Leung
JBJS 2004;86:1065-1076.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Effectiveness of the hands-free technique in reducing operating theatre injuries
Stringer et al.
Occup. Environ. Med. 2002;59:703-707.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Risk of Hepatitis C Transmission From Infected Medical Staff to Patients: Model-Based Calculations for Surgical Settings
Ross et al.
Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2313-2316.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Risk and Management of Blood-Borne Infections in Health Care Workers
Beltrami et al.
Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2000;13:385-407.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Issues Related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission in Schools, Child Care, Medical Settings, the Home, and Community
Committee on Pediatric AIDS and Committee on Infec
Pediatrics 1999;104:318-324.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Management of Traumatic Lacerations
Spencer et al.
NEJM 1998;338:474-476.
FULL TEXT
Use of the Hepatitis-B Vaccine and Infection with Hepatitis B and C among Orthopaedic Surgeons
SHAPIRO et al.
JBJS 1996;78:1791-1800.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
The Cost-effectiveness of Voluntary Counseling and Testing of Hospital Inpatients for HIV Infection
Lurie et al.
JAMA 1994;272:1832-1838.
ABSTRACT
The Cost-effectiveness of HIV Testing of Physicians and Dentists in the United States
Phillips et al.
JAMA 1994;271:851-858.
ABSTRACT
Assessment of Hepatitis B Virus Immunization Status Among North American Surgeons
Barie et al.
Arch Surg 1994;129:27-32.
ABSTRACT
The Risk of Exposure of Third-Year Surgical Clerks to Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Operating Room
Vergilio et al.
Arch Surg 1993;128:36-39.
ABSTRACT
A Survey of Occupational Blood Contact and HIV Infection Among Orthopedic Surgeons
Tokars et al.
JAMA 1992;268:489-494.
ABSTRACT
Percutaneous Injuries During Surgical Procedures
Tokars et al.
JAMA 1992;267:2899-2904.
ABSTRACT
Health Care Workers Infected With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Next Steps
Lo and Steinbrook
JAMA 1992;267:1100-1105.
ABSTRACT
A National Survey of Surgeons' Attitudes About Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Shelley and Howard
Arch Surg 1992;127:206-212.
ABSTRACT
The Duty to 'Attend Upon the Sick'
Clarke and Conley
JAMA 1991;266:2876-2877.
ABSTRACT
Mechanisms of Glove Tears and Sharp Injuries Among Surgical Personnel
Wright et al.
JAMA 1991;266:1668-1671.
ABSTRACT
Preliminary Analysis: HIV Serosurvey of Orthopedic Surgeons, 1991
JAMA 1991;265:2779-2781.
BLOOD CONTACTS DURING SURGERY ARE COMMON, OFTEN AVOIDABLE
JWatch General 1991;1991:1-1.
FULL TEXT
Surgery and AIDS: Reducing the Risk
Gerberding and Schecter
JAMA 1991;265:1572-1573.
ABSTRACT
|
