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Jonathan Hibbs, MD; Joshua Perper, MD, LLB; Charles L. Winek, PhD

JAMA. 1991;265(8):1011-1013.

Abstract
3-Methylfentanyl ("China White") is a "designer" opiate that has caused more than 100 overdose deaths in California since 1979, but that has not been associated previously with deaths east of the Rocky Mountains. During 1988, 3-methylfentanyl was identified in 16 fatal overdose cases in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, contributing to a fourfold rise in overdose mortality during October of that year. Morphine was detected in the blood of five persons (31%) and cocaine in the blood of three persons (19%) dying of 3-methylfentanyl overdoses; these were demographically similar to 99 other fatal overdose cases investigated by the county coroner from 1986 through 1988. This documents the contribution of 3-methylfentanyl to overdose mortality in an eastern city and the use of 3-methylfentanyl with other illegal drugs. Drug abusers in the northeastern United States should be considered at risk for more "designer drug" overdose outbreaks in the future.

(JAMA. 1991;265:1011-1013)

Author Affiliations
From the Division of Field Services, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga (Dr Hibbs); Allegheny County Coroner's Office, Pittsburgh, Pa (Dr Perper); and Department of Laboratories, Allegheny County, Pittsburgh, Pa (Dr Winek).

Footnotes
Reprint requests to CHB/NHLBI, Bldg 10, Room 7C103, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 (Dr Hibbs).

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