This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in JAMA  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Marc R. Mayberg, MD; S. Eric Wilson, MD; Frank Yatsu, MD; David G. Weiss, PhD; Louis Messina, MD; Linda A. Hershey, MD; Cindy Colling, RPh; Joseph Eskridge, MD; Daniel Deykin, MD; H. Richard Winn, MD; Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program 309 Trialist Group; Phillip Kistler, MD; P.J. Mohr, MD; Hermes Kontos, MD; H. Richard Winn, MD; Marc R. Mayberg, MD; S. Eric Wilson, MD; Frank Yatsu, MD; David G. Weiss, PhD; Linda A. Hershey, MD; Louis Messina, MD; H. Richard Winn, MD; Cindy Colling, RPh; Mimi Platt; Calvin Ernst, MD; Lawrence Wechsler, MD; Elmer Hall, PhD; Martin Weiss, MD; Rose Kurz; Edgard Perez; Daniel Safer, MD; Rev Maurice Moore; Thomas Hobbins, MD; Megan Arthur; Allen Raskin, PhD; Rep Martin Feldbush, (D, Minn); Mike Lee, MS; Diana Preston; Debbie Davis; Linda Dunford; Cathy Lucas; Joseph Eskridge, MD; Cindy Colling, RPh; John Bergan, MD; Ralph G. Dacey, Jr, MD; James Grotta, MD; Henry J. M. Barnett, MD; John Bergan, MD; Roberto Heros, MD; J. P. Mohr, MD; Wesley S. Moore, MD; Daniel Deykin, MD; Janet Gold; Ping Huang, PhD; Louis Messina, MD; David Fink, MD; Marc Chimowitz, MD; John McGillicuddy, MD; Susan Grube, RN; Eva Morgenstern, MD; Stephen Rerych, MD; Cindy McCutcheon, RN; John Ammons, MD; Robert Smith, MD; Rita Giannetti, RN; Willard Johnson, MD; Viken Babikian, MD; Joel Abramovitz, MD; Nancy Allen, RN; Linda Hershey, MD; Irineo Gutierrez, MD; Virginia Corbett, RN; Joan Barren, RN; Frank Padberg, Jr., MD; Said Shanawani, MD; Carolyn Rogers, RN; Stephen Reid, MD; Steven Nadeau, MD; James Seeger, MD; Randi Baum, MHS; Fred Littooy, MD; Sudha Gupta, MD; John Maggio, PhD; Stephen Lalka, MD; R. V. Reddy, MD; Marinel Kriese, RN; Charles Acher, MD; Ross Levine, MD; Judy Archibald, RN; Dale Strawn, MD; Michael Remler, MD; Debi Calogero; William Lawrence, MD; Ismar Cintera, MD; Michaela Hall, RN; Dick Jones, RN; Michel Makaroun, MD; Julie Thompson, DO; Amin Faris, MD; John Moossv, MD; Stacy Love, RN; Pat Lyden, MD; Robert Hye, MD; Rod Lamond, MD; Traci Babcock, RN; Geraldine Cali, RN; Thomas Bird, MD; Frank Emmons, MD; Nancy Ploch, RN; Stan Cohen, MD; Russell Williams, MD; John Frazee, MD; Martin Josephson, MD; Cathy Hubbert, RNC

JAMA. 1991;266(23):3289-3294.

Abstract
Objective.
—To determine whether carotid endarterectomy provides protection against subsequent cerebral ischemia in men with ischemic symptoms in the distribution of significant (>50%) ipsilateral internal carotid artery stenosis.

Design.
—Prospective, randomized, multicenter trial.

Setting.
—Sixteen university-affiliated Veterans Affairs medical centers.

Patients.
—Men who presented within 120 days of onset of symptoms that were consistent with transient ischemic attacks, transient monocular blindness, or recent small completed strokes between July 1988 and February 1991. Among 5000 patients screened, 189 individuals were randomized with angiographic internal carotid artery stenosis greater than 50% ipsilateral to the presenting symptoms. Forty-eight eligible patients who refused entry were followed up outside of the trial.

Outcome Measures.
—Cerebral infarction or crescendo transient ischemic attacks in the vascular distribution of the original symptoms or death within 30 days of randomization.

Intervention.
—Carotid endarterectomy plus the best medical care (n = 91) vs the best medical care alone (n=98).

Results.
—At a mean follow-up of 11.9 months, there was a significant reduction in stroke or crescendo transient ischemic attacks in patients who received carotid endarterectomy (7.7%) compared with nonsurgical patients (19.4%), or an absolute risk reduction of 11.7% (P=.011). The benefit of surgery was more profound in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis greater than 70% (absolute risk reduction, 17.7%; P =.004). The benefit of surgery was apparent within 2 months after randomization, and only one stroke was noted in the surgical group beyond the 30-day perioperative period.

Conclusions.
—For a selected cohort of men with symptoms of cerebral or retinal ischemia in the distribution of a high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis, carotid endarterectomy can effectively reduce the risk of subsequent ipsilateral cerebral ischemia. The risk of cerebral ischemia in this subgroup of patients is considerably higher than previously estimated.

(JAMA. 1991;266:3289-3294)

Author Affiliations
Planning Committee; Boston, Mass; New York, NY; Richmond, Va; Seattle, Wash; Executive Committee; Study Administrative Coordinator; Data Monitoring Board; Detroit, Mich.; Pittsburgh, Pa; Atlanta, Ga; Los Angeles, Calif; Human Rights Committee (Baltimore, Md); VA Cooperative Studies Coordinating Center, Perry Point, Md; Central Radiologist; Clinical Research Pharmacist; Adjudication Committee; San Diego, Calif; St Louis, Mo; Houston, Tex; End Point Definition Committee; London, Ontario; San Diego, Calif; Minneapolis, Minn; New York, NY; Los Angeles, Calif; VA Cooperative Studies Program; chief (Boston, Mass); administrative officer (Boston); staff assistant (Washington, DC); Principal Investigators/Study Technicians: Ann Arbor, Mich, VAMC; Asheville, NC, VAMC; Atlanta, Ga, VAMC; Boston (Jamaica Plain), Mass, VAMC; Buffalo, NY, VAMC; East Orange, NJ, VAMC; Gainesville, Fla, VAMC; Hines (Chicago, Ill) VAMC; Indianapolis, Ind, VAMC; Madison, Wis, VAMC; Martinez, Calif, VAMC; Phoenix, Ariz, VAMC; Pittsburgh, Pa, VAMC; San Diego, Calif, VAMC; Seattle, Wash, VAMC; Los Angeles (Wadsworth), Calif, VAMC;

From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (Drs Mayberg and Winn) and Radiology (Dr Eskridge), University of Washington and Seattle Veterans Affairs Medical Center; the Department of Surgery, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Wadsworth Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (Dr Wilson); the Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston (Dr Yatsu); the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, Md (Dr Weiss); the Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan and Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Dr Messina); the Department of Neurology, State University of New York at Buffalo and Buffalo Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Dr Hershey); the Clinical Research Pharmacy, Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program, Albuquerque, NM (Ms Colling); and the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program, Boston, Mass (Dr Deykin).

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Department of Neurosurgery, RI-20, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195(Dr Mayberg).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Reflections on the Carotid Artery: 438 BC to 2009 AD: The Karolinska 2008 Award Lecture in Stroke Research
Barnett
Stroke 2009;40:3143-3148.
FULL TEXT  

The Cart and The Horse: The Advancing Technology of Carotid Artery Stenting
Goldstein
Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2009;2:153-155.
FULL TEXT  

Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting: Introduction of a New Technique Into an Established Vascular Surgery Center
Albacker et al.
VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 2009;43:144-149.
ABSTRACT  

Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Symposium II: Controversies in Carotid Artery Revascularization
White et al.
Circulation 2008;118:2852-2859.
FULL TEXT  

A Review of the Trials Comparing Carotid Endarterectomy and Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting
Ricotta and Malgor
PERSPECT VASC SURG ENDOVASC THER 2008;20:299-308.
ABSTRACT  

High-Resolution CT Imaging of Carotid Artery Atherosclerotic Plaques
Wintermark et al.
Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2008;29:875-882.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Carotid Artery Stenting in the SPACE and EVA-3S Trials: Analysis and Update
Mansour
PERSPECT VASC SURG ENDOVASC THER 2008;20:11-14.
ABSTRACT  

Myocardial Revascularization with Carotid Artery Disease
Akins and Cambria
Card Surg Adult 2008;3:655-668.
FULL TEXT  

Carotid Artery Stenting Will Replace Carotid Endarterectomy
McCormick et al.
PERSPECT VASC SURG ENDOVASC THER 2007;19:223-227.
ABSTRACT  

Diagnosis and Invasive Management of Carotid Atherosclerotic Stenosis
Meschia et al.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82:851-858.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

ACCF/SCAI/SVMB/SIR/ASITN 2007 Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Carotid Stenting: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents (ACCF/SCAI/SVMB/SIR/ASITN Clinical Expert Consensus Document Committee on Carotid Stenting)
Bates et al.
Vasc Med 2007;12:35-83.
 

Prospective study of symptomatic atherothrombotic intracranial stenoses: the GESICA study.
Cruz-Flores et al.
Neurology 2007;68:241-242.
FULL TEXT  

ACCF/SCAI/SVMB/SIR/ASITN 2007 Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Carotid Stenting: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents (ACCF/SCAI/SVMB/SIR/ASITN Clinical Expert Consensus Document Committee on Carotid Stenting)
American Society of Interventional & Therapeutic N et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:126-170.
FULL TEXT  

Physiologic and Anatomic Assessment of a Canine Carotid Artery Stenosis Model Utilizing Phase Contrast with Vastly Undersampled Isotropic Projection Imaging
Turk et al.
Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2007;28:111-115.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clinical trial design issues: at least 10 things you should look for in clinical trials.
Glasser and Howard
J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1106-1115.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Sacco et al.
Circulation 2006;113:e409-e449.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Sacco et al.
Stroke 2006;37:577-617.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Long-Term Therapy to Prevent Stroke
Kirshner et al.
J Am Board Fam Med 2005;18:528-540.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Carotid endarterectomy--An evidence-based review: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
Chaturvedi et al.
Neurology 2005;65:794-801.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Carotid Artery Stenting: Meeting the Recruitment Challenge of a Clinical Trial
Hobson et al.
Stroke 2005;36:1314-1315.
FULL TEXT  

Multi-Detector Row CT Angiography in the Assessment of Carotid Artery Disease in Symptomatic Patients: Comparison with Rotational Angiography and Digital Subtraction Angiography
Berg et al.
Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2005;26:1022-1034.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Noninvasive Detection of Steno-Occlusive Disease of the Supra-Aortic Arteries With Three-Dimensional Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography: A Prospective, Intra-Individual Comparative Analysis With Digital Subtraction Angiography
Willinek et al.
Stroke 2005;36:38-43.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Carotid Revascularization for Prevention of Stroke: Carotid Endarterectomy and Carotid Artery Stenting
Brott et al.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2004;79:1197-1208.
ABSTRACT  

The Willis Lecture 2003: Evaluating Treatments for Stroke Patients Too Slowly: Time to Get Out of Second Gear
Warlow
Stroke 2004;35:2211-2219.
FULL TEXT  

Does Carotid Stenting Measure Up to Endarterectomy?: A Vascular Surgeon's Experience
Eskandari et al.
Arch Surg 2004;139:734-738.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Current Status of Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting
Rodriguez and Leon
PERSPECT VASC SURG ENDOVASC THER 2004;16:111-119.
ABSTRACT  

Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Conference: Writing Group V: Medical Decision Making and Therapy
Creager et al.
Circulation 2004;109:2634-2642.
FULL TEXT  

Reporting Standards for Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stent Placement
Higashida et al.
Stroke 2004;35:e112-e134.
FULL TEXT  

Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis
Goldstein
Stroke 2003;34:2767-2773.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Editorial Comment--Risk Stratification by Clinical Symptoms and Timing of Carotid Endarterectomy: How Could It Optimize Our Decision Making and Benefit Patients With Carotid Stenosis?
Crisby
Stroke 2003;34:2302-2303.
FULL TEXT  

Editorial Comment--Female Sex: A Questionable Risk Factor for Carotid Endarterectomy
Ballotta
Stroke 2003;34:1124-1125.
FULL TEXT  

Sex differences in carotid endarterectomy utilization and 30-day postoperative mortality
Sheikh and Bullock
Neurology 2003;60:471-476.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Reanalysis of the Final Results of the European Carotid Surgery Trial
Rothwell et al.
Stroke 2003;34:514-523.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Patient Selection for Carotid Endarterectomy: How Far Is Risk Modeling Applicable to the Individual?
Barth and Bassetti
Stroke 2003;34:524-527.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Myocardial Revascularization with Carotid Artery Disease
Akins and Moncure
Card Surg Adult 2003;2:627-637.
FULL TEXT  

Carotid Endarterectomy and Race: Do Clinical Indications and Patient Preferences Account for Differences?
Oddone et al.
Stroke 2002;33:2936-2943.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Long-Term Durability of Carotid Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Stenosis and Risk Factors for Late Postoperative Stroke
Cunningham et al.
Stroke 2002;33:2658-2663.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Bovine Pericardium vs Dacron for Patch Angioplasty After Carotid Endarterectomy: A Prospective Randomized Study
Marien et al.
Arch Surg 2002;137:785-788.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Evaluation of Distal Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery by Transoral Carotid Ultrasonography in Patients with Severe Carotid Stenosis
Kishikawa et al.
Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2002;23:924-928.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Carotid Artery Stenting Protected With an Emboli Containment System
Whitlow et al.
Stroke 2002;33:1308-1314.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The appropriate use of carotid endarterectomy
Barnett et al.
CMAJ 2002;166:1169-1179.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cost of Identifying Patients for Carotid Endarterectomy
Benade and Warlow
Stroke 2002;33:435-439.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Costs and Benefits of Carotid Endarterectomy and Associated Preoperative Arterial Imaging: A Systematic Review of Health Economic Literature
Benade and Warlow
Stroke 2002;33:629-638.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Carotid angioplasty and stenting versus carotid endarterectomy: randomized trial in a community hospital
Brooks et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:1589-1595.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Renal Insufficiency: Should Selection Criteria be Different in Patients with Renal Insufficiency?
Ayerdi et al.
VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 2001;35:429-435.
ABSTRACT  

Extracranial Carotid Stenosis
Sacco
NEJM 2001;345:1113-1118.
FULL TEXT  

Early Carotid Endarterectomy for Critical Carotid Artery Stenosis After Thrombolysis Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Middle Cerebral Artery Editorial Comment
McPherson et al.
Stroke 2001;32:2075-2080.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clinical carotid endarterectomy decision making: Noninvasive vascular imaging versus angiography
Johnston and Goldstein
Neurology 2001;56:1009-1015.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Immediate and Late Clinical Outcomes of Carotid Artery Stenting in Patients With Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis : A 5-Year Prospective Analysis
Roubin et al.
Circulation 2001;103:532-537.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Carotid Artery: Elliptic Centric Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography Compared with Conventional Angiography
III et al.
Radiology 2001;218:138-143.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Stroke: Management and Rehabilitation: Part III of III
Tegos et al.
ANGIOLOGY 2000;51:977-984.
ABSTRACT  

Cost-effectiveness of New Antiplatelet Regimens Used as Secondary Prevention of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Sarasin et al.
Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2773-2778.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Carotid Artery Stent Placement for Atherosclerotic Disease: Rationale, Technique, and Current Status
Phatouros et al.
Radiology 2000;217:26-41.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Surgeon characteristics associated with mortality and morbidity following carotid endarterectomy
O'Neill et al.
Neurology 2000;55:773-781.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clinical Outcome of Patients Developing Transient Ischemic Attacks Following Carotid Endarterectomy
Mattos et al.
VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 2000;34:471-481.
ABSTRACT  

CT Angiography for the Detection and Characterization of Carotid Artery Bifurcation Disease
Anderson et al.
Stroke 2000;31:2168-2174.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Causes and Risk of Stroke in Patients with Asymptomatic Internal-Carotid-Artery Stenosis
Inzitari et al.
NEJM 2000;342:1693-1701.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Carotid angioplasty and stenting: current status
CMAJ 2000;162:1451-1454.
 

Endovascular Stenting for Carotid Artery Stenosis: Preliminary Experience Using the Shape-memory-Alloy-recoverable-technology (SMART) Stent
Phatouros et al.
Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000;21:732-738.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Carotid Endarterectomy: A Neurotherapeutic Advance
Barnett and Meldrum
Arch Neurol 2000;57:40-45.
FULL TEXT  

Supplement to the Guidelines for the Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks : A Statement From the Ad Hoc Committee on Guidelines for the Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks, Stroke Council, American Heart Association
Albers et al.
Stroke 1999;30:2502-2511.
FULL TEXT  

ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association task force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to revise the 1991 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery)
Eagle et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1262-1347.
FULL TEXT  

Carotid Endarterectomy : Where Do We Draw the Line?
Gorelick
Stroke 1999;30:1745-1750.
FULL TEXT  

Carotid Arteries: Maximizing Arterial to Venous Contrast in Fluoroscopically Triggered Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography with Elliptic Centric View Ordering
III et al.
Radiology 1999;211:265-273.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Improving the Appropriateness of Carotid Endarterectomy : Results of a Prospective City-Wide Study
Wong et al.
Stroke 1999;30:12-15.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Benefit of Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Symptomatic Moderate or Severe Stenosis
Barnett et al.
NEJM 1998;339:1415-1425.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Fall and Rise of Carotid Endarterectomy in the United States and Canada
Tu et al.
NEJM 1998;339:1441-1447.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Is the Increasing Volume of Carotid Endarterectomy Justified? • Response
Chaturvedi et al.
Stroke 1998;29:2444-2446.
FULL TEXT  

Spiral Computed Tomography : A Novel Diagnostic Approach for Investigation of the Extracranial Cerebral Arteries and Its Complementary Role in Duplex Ultrasonography
Corti et al.
Circulation 1998;98:984-989.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effect of the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study on Carotid Endarterectomy in Florida
Huber et al.
Stroke 1998;29:1099-1105.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The natural history of asymptomatic moderate internal carotid artery stenosis by duplex ultrasound
Olin et al.
Vasc Med 1998;3:101-108.
ABSTRACT  

Outcome of the Contralateral Carotid Artery in Patients Having Undergone Ipsilateral Carotid Endarterectomy: Results of Selective Management
Eklof et al.
VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 1998;32:221-232.
ABSTRACT  

Variation in Carotid Endarterectomy Mortality in the Medicare Population: Trial Hospitals, Volume, and Patient Characteristics
Wennberg et al.
JAMA 1998;279:1278-1281.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Predictors of Stroke Complicating Carotid Artery Stenting
Mathur et al.
Circulation 1998;97:1239-1245.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Guidelines for Carotid Endarterectomy : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From a Special Writing Group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association
Biller et al.
Circulation 1998;97:501-509.
FULL TEXT  

Epidemiology of Carotid Endarterectomy Among Medicare Beneficiaries : 1985–1996 Update
Hsia et al.
Stroke 1998;29:346-350.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Guidelines for Carotid Endarterectomy : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From a Special Writing Group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association
Biller et al.
Stroke 1998;29:554-562.
FULL TEXT  

Carotid Stenting and Angioplasty : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Councils on Cardiovascular Radiology, Stroke, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association
Bettmann et al.
Circulation 1998;97:121-123.
FULL TEXT  

Carotid Endarterectomy Among Medicare Beneficiaries : A Statewide Evaluation of Appropriateness and Outcome
Karp et al.
Stroke 1998;29:46-52.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Carotid Stenting and Angioplasty : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Councils on Cardiovascular Radiology, Stroke, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association
Bettmann et al.
Stroke 1998;29:336-338.
FULL TEXT  

Timing of Carotid Endarterectomy After Stroke
Pritz
Stroke 1997;28:2563-2567.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Impact of Carotid Endarterectomy Critical Pathway on Surgical Outcome and Hospital Stay
Schneider et al.
VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 1997;31:685-692.
ABSTRACT  

Effect of the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study on Carotid Endarterectomy in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers
Huber et al.
Arch Surg 1997;132:1134-1139.
ABSTRACT  

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Criteria for Hemodynamically Significant Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis Based on Residual Lumen Diameter Calculated From En Bloc Endarterectomy Specimens
Can et al.
Stroke 1997;28:1966-1971.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cumulative Effects of High Cholesterol Levels, High Blood Pressure, and Cigarette Smoking on Carotid Stenosis
Wilson et al.
NEJM 1997;337:516-522.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Comparison of Carotid Endarterectomy Outcomes From Randomized Controlled Trials and Medicare Administrative Databases
Stukenborg
Arch Neurol 1997;54:826-832.
ABSTRACT  

Assessment of the Efficacy of Noninvasive Screening for Patients With Asymptomatic Neck Bruits
Obuchowski et al.
Stroke 1997;28:1330-1339.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Reductase Inhibitor Monotherapy and Stroke Prevention
Crouse et al.
Arch Intern Med 1997;157:1305-1310.
ABSTRACT  

Complication Rates for Carotid Endarterectomy : A Call to Action
Goldstein et al.
Stroke 1997;28:889-890.
FULL TEXT  

Regional Performance of Carotid Endarterectomy : Appropriateness, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Complications
Wong et al.
Stroke 1997;28:891-898.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Orbital Color Doppler Imaging in Carotid Occlusive Disease
Mawn et al.
Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:492-496.
ABSTRACT  

Primary Care Physician–Reported Secondary and Tertiary Stroke Prevention Practices : A Comparison Between the United States and the United Kingdom
Goldstein et al.
Stroke 1997;28:746-751.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Elective Stenting of Extracranial Carotid Arteries
Grotta
Circulation 1997;95:303-305.
FULL TEXT  

Carotid Endarterectomy Without Angiography: Are We Ready?
Zwolak
VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 1997;31:1-9.
 

Carotid Doppler Ultrasound Criteria for Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis Based on Residual Lumen Diameter Calculated From En Bloc Carotid Endarterectomy Specimens
Suwanwela et al.
Stroke 1996;27:1965-1969.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

US National Survey of Physician Practices for the Secondary and Tertiary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: Medical Therapy in Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis
Goldstein et al.
Stroke 1996;27:1473-1478.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Evolution of Surgery for the Treatment and Prevention of Stroke: The Willis Lecture
Thompson
Stroke 1996;27:1427-1434.
FULL TEXT  

Carotid Angioplasty: In Search of a Worthy Alternative to Endarterectomy
Ferguson and Ferguson
Arch Neurol 1996;53:696-698.
ABSTRACT  

Angioplasty for Carotid Disease: No
Ferguson
Arch Neurol 1996;53:698-700.
ABSTRACT  

Performance of Carotid Ultrasound in Evaluating Candidates for Carotid Endarterectomy Is Optimized by an Approach Based on Clinical Outcome Rather Than Accuracy
Wilterdink et al.
Stroke 1996;27:1094-1098.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT