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  Vol. 267 No. 19, May 20, 1992 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Nosocomial Transmission of Tuberculosis in a Hospital Unit for HIV-lnfected Patients

Samuel W. Dooley, MD; Margarita E. Villarino, MD, MPH; Mercedes Lawrence, MPH; Louis Salinas, MPA; Samuel Amil, MD; John V. Rullan, MD, MPH; William R. Jarvis, MD; Alan B. Bloch, MD, MPH; George M. Cauthen, ScD

JAMA. 1992;267(19):2632-2634.


Abstract

Objective.
—To assess nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis (TB). Design.—A historical cohort study of hospitalized patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin skin test survey of health care workers (HCWs).

Setting.
—A large public teaching hospital in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Patients.
—For the cohort study, a case patient was defined as any patient in the HIV unit at the hospital who developed culture-positive TB from 31 days or more after admission through December 31, 1989. For the PPD survey, of 1420 HCWs from the hospital, 908 agreed to participate and had sufficient data for analysis.

Main Outcome Measures.
—For the cohort study, to compare the risk of developing active TB among patients who were exposed to hospital roommates with infectious TB and the risk among nonexposed patients. For the HCW PPD survey, to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculous infection.

Results.
—Eight of 48 (9.7/10000 person-days) exposed case patients vs four of 192 (0.8/10000 person-days) nonexposed case patients developed active TB (relative risk [RR]=11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3, 50.3). Positive PPDs (≥10 mm of induration) in HCWs were associated with older age (P=.0001) and with history of community TB exposure (P=.0002). In a multivariable logistic model that adjusted for these variables, HIV unit nurses (nine of 19) and nurses in the internal medicine ward (45 of 90) had a higher proportion of positive PPDs than the reference group (clerical personnel on other floors: 35 of 188, P=.0005).

Conclusions.
—These data suggest that patient-to-patient transmission of TB in HIV units can occur and that HCWs are at risk of acquiring TB infection.

(JAMA. 1992;267:2632-2635)



Author Affiliations

From the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for Prevention Services (Drs Dooley, Bloch, and Cauthen and Mr Salinas) and the Hospital Infections Program (Drs Villarino and Jarvis), National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga; Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan (Ms Lawrence and Dr Rullan); and Hospital Municipal, San Juan, Puerto Rico (Dr Amil).


Footnotes

Presented, in part, at the 30th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Atlanta, Ga, October 24, 1990, and the Seventh International Conference on AIDS, Florence, Italy, June 20, 1991.

Reprint requests to the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control, Mailstop E-10, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr Dooley).



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