 |
|
The Changing Rate of Major DepressionCross-National Comparisons
Cross-National Collaborative Group;
Myrna M. Weissman, PhD;
Priya Wickramaratne, PhD;
Steven Greenwald, MA;
Hsiaoyun Hsu, MS;
Robert Ouellette, MPhil;
Lee N. Robins, PhD;
Javier I. Escobar, MD;
Roger Bland, MB;
Stephen Newman, MD;
Helene Orn, BEd;
Glorisa Canino, PhD;
Maritza Rubio-Stipec, MA;
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, PhD;
Cecilia A. Essau, MA;
Carlo Faravelli, MD;
Guya Incerpi, MD;
Benedetta Guerrini Degl'Innocenti, MD;
Leandro Aiazzi, MD;
Stefano Pallanti, MD;
Jean-Pierre Lépine, MD;
Philip Pariente, MD;
Joseph Lellouch, PhD;
Elie Karam, MD;
J. Elisabeth Wells, PhD;
Peter R. Joyce, PhD;
Mark Oakley-Browne, MB, ChB;
John A. Bushnell, PhD;
Hai-Gwo Hwu, MD;
Eng-Kung Yeh, MD;
Ly-Yung Chang, PhD;
Gerald L. Klerman, MD;
Andrew C. Leon, PhD;
Philip Lavori, PhD;
Meredith Warshaw, MSS, MA;
Wolfgang Maier, MD;
Achim Marx, PhD;
Drik Lichtermann, MD;
Jurgen Minges, MD;
R. Heun, MD;
Jurgen Hallmayer, MD
JAMA. 1992;268(21):3098-3105.
Abstract
| |
Objective.
—To estimate temporal trends in the rates of major depression cross-nationally.
Design.
—Nine epidemiologic surveys and three family studies.
Setting and Participants.
—Approximately 39 000 subjects in population-based samples from nine epidemiologic surveys, and 4000 relatives from three family studies that were conducted independently but using similar methodology in the 1980s in North America, Puerto Rico, Western Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and the Pacific Rim.
Outcome Measures.
—Age at first onset of major depression by birth cohort and time period.
Results.
—There was an increase in the cumulative lifetime rates of major depression with each successively younger birth cohort at all sites with the exception of the Hispanic samples, in whom the rates in the older cohort (1915 through 1935) were approximately equal to those of the younger cohorts. However, results of fitting statistical models that separate period and cohort effects showed an overall increase in the rates of major depression over time over all countries, although the magnitude of the increase varied by country. The average relative risk of major depression between a particular cohort and the cohort born immediately before varied between 2.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 3.7) in Florence, Italy, and 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 1.4) in Christchurch, New Zealand. Short-term fluctuations in the rates of major depression during specific time periods and in specific cohorts also varied by country.
Conclusions.
—Cross-nationally, the more recent birth cohorts are at increased risk for major depression. There are, however, variations in the long- and short-term trends for major depression by country, which suggests that the rates in these countries may have been affected by differing historical, social, economic, or biological environmental events. The linking of demographic, epidemiologic, economic, and social indices by country to these changes may clarify environmental conditions that influence the rates of major depression.
(JAMA. 1992;268:3098-3105)
Author Affiliations
| |
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington (data collected at University of California, Los Angeles); Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton; Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Florence University Medical School, Florence, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-ClaudBernard, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Villejuif, France; St Joseph University, St Georges Hospital, and American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Departments of Community Health and General Practice and Psychiatry, Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; New York Hospital—Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Psychiatry, Brown University, Providence, RI; Abteilung für Psychiatrie, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
From the Cross-National Collaborative Group.
Footnotes
A complete list of the participants in this research study appears at the end of this article.
Reprint requests to Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, Unit 14, New York, NY 10032 (Dr Myrna M. Weissman).
Dr Klerman died on April 3, 1992.
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter
What's this?
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Mental Health Patterns and Consequences: Results from Survey Data in Five Developing Countries
Das et al.
WORLD BANK ECON REV 2009;23:31-55.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Trends in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and visits to healthcare specialists: A national study among Icelandic adolescents
Sigfusdottir et al.
Scand J Public Health 2008;36:361-368.
ABSTRACT
Immune System Contributions to the Pathophysiology of Depression
Miller and Raison
Focus 2008;6:36-45.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Symptoms of Major Depression in a Sample of Fathers of Infants: Sociodemographic Correlates and Links to Father Involvement
Bronte-Tinkew et al.
Journal of Family Issues 2007;28:61-99.
ABSTRACT
Changes in the Prevalence of Major Depression and Comorbid Substance Use Disorders in the United States Between 1991-1992 and 2001-2002
Compton et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2006;163:2141-2147.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged Women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
Bromberger et al.
AJPH 2004;94:1378-1385.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
A Prospective Study of Rumination and Depression in Early Adolescence
Broderick and Korteland
Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2004;9:383-394.
ABSTRACT
Folate for Depressive Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Taylor et al.
J Psychopharmacol 2004;18:251-256.
ABSTRACT
Naturally Occurring Changes in Physical Activity Are Inversely Related to Depressive Symptoms During Early Adolescence
Motl et al.
Psychosom. Med. 2004;66:336-342.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Cultivating Optimism in Childhood and Adolescence
Gillham and Reivich
The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2004;591:146-163.
ABSTRACT
The Family Caregiving Experience of Outpatient ECT
Sethi and Williams
J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2003;9:187-194.
ABSTRACT
Depression in Adult Women: Age Changes and Cohort Effects
Kasen et al.
AJPH 2003;93:2061-2066.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
The Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)
Kessler et al.
JAMA 2003;289:3095-3105.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Awareness About Depression: Important for All Physicians
Glass
JAMA 2003;289:3169-3170.
FULL TEXT
The Prevalence Of Treated And Untreated Mental Disorders In Five Countries
Bijl et al.
Health Aff (Millwood) 2003;22:122-133.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
An Integrative Approach to Depression: Part 1--Etiology
Zuess
Complementary Health Practice Review 2003;8:9-24.
ABSTRACT
Depression: A Call for Papers
Glass
JAMA 2002;288:1400-1401.
FULL TEXT
From Vastation to Prozac Nation
Bullard
Transcultural Psychiatry 2002;39:267-294.
ABSTRACT
A Prospective Study of the Role of Depression in the Development and Persistence of Adolescent Obesity
Goodman and Whitaker
Pediatrics 2002;110:497-504.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Comparison of Mother and Father Report on the Personality Inventory for Children in a Non Referred Canadian Sample
Saunders et al.
Canadian Journal of School Psychology 2002;17:85-95.
ABSTRACT
A 40-Year Perspective on the Prevalence of Depression: The Stirling County Study
Murphy et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:209-215.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Psychosocial aetiology of chronic disease: a pragmatic approach to the assessment of lifetime affective morbidity in an EPIC component study
Surtees et al.
J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2000;54:114-122.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Is Depression an Adaptation?
Nesse
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:14-20.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Is psychiatry more mindful or brainier than it was a decade ago?
EISENBERG
Br. J. Psychiatry 2000;176:1-5.
FULL TEXT
Comparison of symptoms in Japanese and American depressed primary care patients
Waza et al.
Fam Pract 1999;16:528-533.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Depressed Adolescents Grown Up
Weissman et al.
JAMA 1999;281:1707-1713.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Attitudes, Knowledge, and Behavior of Family Physicians Regarding Depression in Late Life
Gallo et al.
Arch Fam Med 1999;8:249-256.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Treating Depression as a Recurrent or Chronic Disease
Glass
JAMA 1999;281:83-84.
FULL TEXT
Nature, Niche, and Nurture: The Role of Social Experience in Transforming Genotype Into Phenotype
Eisenberg
Acad. Psychiatry 1998;22:213-222.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Supporting Child Psychiatric Services Using Current Managed Care Approaches: You Can't Get There From Here
Jellinek and Little
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998;152:321-326.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Natural History of Diagnostic Interview Schedule/ DSM-IV Major Depression: The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-up
Eaton et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:993-999.
ABSTRACT
The National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association Consensus Statement on the Undertreatment of Depression
Hirschfeld et al.
JAMA 1997;277:333-340.
ABSTRACT
Cross-National Epidemiology of Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder
Weissman et al.
JAMA 1996;276:293-299.
ABSTRACT
In Quest of Identifying Vulnerability Markers for Psychiatric Disorders by All-Night Polysomnography
Lauer et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:145-153.
ABSTRACT
Evolutionary Social Science and Transcultural Psychiatry
Paris
Transcultural Psychiatry 1994;31:339-367.
ABSTRACT
Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:8-19.
ABSTRACT
Continuity and Discontinuity of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia: Results of a Controlled Family Study
Maier et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:871-883.
ABSTRACT
|
