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A Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella javiana and Salmonella oranienburg Infections due to Consumption of Contaminated Cheese
Craig W. Hedberg, MS;
Jack A. Korlath, MPH;
J.-Y. D'Aoust, PhD;
Karen E. White, MPH;
Wendy L. Schell, MS;
Margaret R. Miller, RN;
Daniel N. Cameron;
Kristine L. MacDonald, MD, MPH;
Michael T. Osterholm, , MPH;
the Investigation Team
JAMA. 1992;268(22):3203-3207.
Abstract
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Objective.
—To determine the source of an outbreak of Salmonella javiana and Salmonella oranienburg infections.
Design.
—Laboratory-based statewide surveillance for Salmonella infections and two separate case-control studies.
Setting.
—Community- and industry-based studies conducted from May through October 1989.
Participants.
—Thiry-one culture-confirmed outbreak-associated cases of S javiana infection and 60 community controls matched for telephone prefix, gender, and age in case-control study I; 50 cases, 100 community controls, and 64 family member controls in case-control study II.
Results.
—One hundred thirty-six culture-confirmed cases of S javiana infection and 11 cases of S oranienburg infection were associated with the outbreak in Minnesota. Outbreak-associated cases were also identified in Wisconsin (15 cases), and in Michigan and New York (one case each). Cases were more likely than controls to have consumed mozzarella cheese manufactured at a single cheese plant (plant X) or cheese that had been shredded at processing plants that also shredded cheese manufactured at plant X (odds ratio [OR], 7.2; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.7 to 23.2; P<.01). The outbreak-associated strains of both serovars were isolated from two unopened 16-oz (0.45-kg) blocks of mozzarella cheese produced at plant X. The most probable numbers of Salmonella organisms in these samples were 0.36/100 g and 4.3/100 g.
Conclusions.
—The potential for bacterial pathogen contamination of cheese during manufacture and processing has important epidemiologic implications, particularly because cheese consumption has recently increased in the United States. Low-level contamination of a nationally distributed food product can cause geographically dispersed foodborne outbreaks that may be difficult to detect.
(JAMA. 1992;268:3203-3207)
Author Affiliations
From the Acute Disease Epidemiology Section (Drs Hedberg, MacDonald, Osterholm, and Ms White), Epidemiology Field Services Section (Mr Korlath), and the Division of Public Health Laboratories (Ms Miller), Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis; Health Protection Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, Sir F. G. Banting Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario (Dr D'Aoust); Division of Health, Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Services, Madison (Ms Schell); and the Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga (Mr Cameron).
Footnotes
A complete list of the members of the Investigation Team appears at the end of this article.
Reprint requests to Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Minnesota Department of Health, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55440 (Dr Hedberg).
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