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Retrospective Assessments of Vaccination Coverage, 1991-1992

Elizabeth R. Zell, MStat; Vance Dietz, MD; John Stevenson, MA; Stephen Cochi, MD; Richard H. Bruce

JAMA. 1994;271(11):833-839.

Abstract
Objective.
—To obtain estimates on (1) the percentage of children who were up-to-date on the recommended childhood vaccination series, (2) the percentage of children who were age-appropriately immunized, and (3) coverage levels by individual vaccines.

Design.
—Vaccination levels were estimated by conducting retrospective immunization coverage surveys of the school health records of children entering kindergarten or first grade in the 1990-1991 or 1991-1992 school year. A multistage cluster survey design was used.

Setting.
—Survey sites were selected from among the 60 largest urban areas in the United States. One small city and one rural area were selected for comparison.

Results.
—By their second birthday, 11% to 58% (median, 44%) of the children were fully vaccinated. Stricter measurement criteria lowered coverage levels further. Completed series levels at school entry were 71% to 96% (median, 87%).

Conclusions.
—Vaccination levels at the second birthday were far below the goal for the year 2000. All health providers need to administer vaccines according to the recommended schedule.

(JAMA. 1994;271:833-839)

Author Affiliations
From the National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga.

Footnotes
Reprint requests to National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Ms Zell).

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