Trends in cigarette smoking among US physicians and nurses
D. E. Nelson, G. A. Giovino, S. L. Emont, R. Brackbill, L. L. Cameron, J. Peddicord and P. D. Mowery
Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30342-3724.
OBJECTIVE--To determine trends in cigarette smoking prevalence among
physicians, registered nurses, and licensed practical nurses since 1974.
DESIGN--Analyses of data on smoking prevalence among persons 20 years of
age and older using combined National Health Interview Survey data sets
from 1974, 1976, and 1977; 1978, 1979, and 1980; 1983 and 1985; 1987 and
1988; and 1990 and 1991. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Prevalence of cigarette
smoking and average annual change in smoking prevalence. RESULTS--Based on
the data for 1990 and 1991, there were an estimated 18,000 physicians,
322,000 registered nurses, and 128,000 licensed practical nurses who smoked
cigarettes in the United States. Compared with 1974, 1976, and 1977, by
1990 and 1991 cigarette smoking prevalence had declined from 18.8% to 3.3%
among physicians (average annual decline of 1.15 percentage points); from
31.7% to 18.3% among registered nurses (average annual decline of 0.88
percentage point); and from 37.1% to 27.2% among licensed practical nurses
(average annual decline of 0.62 percentage point). CONCLUSION--Since 1974,
cigarette smoking has declined most rapidly among physicians, at an
intermediate rate among registered nurses, and at a lower rate among
licensed practical nurses. Because of their important roles as exemplars
and health educators, persons in these occupations should not smoke.
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