This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in JAMA  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Hillary Sandra Klonoff-Cohen, PhD; Sharon Leigh Edelstein, ScM; Ellen Schneider Lefkowitz, MPH; Indu P. Srinivasan, MD; David Kaegi, MD; Jae Chun Chang; Karen J. Wiley

JAMA. 1995;273(10):795-798.

Abstract
Objective.
—To examine the relationship between sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and smoking during pregnancy; postnatal tobacco smoke exposure from the mother, father, live-in adults, and day care providers; and postnatal smoke exposure from breast-feeding.

Design.
—Case-control study.

Setting.
—Five counties in Southern California.

Participants.
—A total of 200 white, African-American, Hispanic, and Asian parents of infants who died of SIDS between 1989 and 1992 were compared with 200 control parents who delivered healthy infants. Case infants were matched to control infants on the basis of birth hospital, birth date, gender, and race. All information was obtained from a detailed telephone interview and validated with medical records.

Main Outcome Measures.
—Risk of SIDS associated with passive smoking by the mother, father, live-in adults, and day care providers; smoking in the same room as the infant; total number of cigarettes smoked by all adults; and maternal smoking during the time period of breast-feeding.

Results.
—Conditional logistic regression resulted in overall adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for SIDS associated with passive smoke from the mother of 2.28, the father of 3.46, other live-in adults of 2.18, and all sources of 3.50 (95% confidence interval, 1.81 to 6.75), while simultaneously adjusting for birth weight, sleep position, prenatal care, medical conditions at birth, breast-feeding, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. A dose-response effect was noted for SIDS associated with increasing numbers of cigarettes, as well as total number of smokers. Breast-feeding was protective for SIDS among nonsmokers (OR=0.37) but not smokers (OR=1.38), when adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusions.
—Passive smoking in the same room as the infant increases the risk for SIDS. Physicians should educate new and prospective parents about the risks of tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy and the first year of the infant's life.

(JAMA. 1995;273:795-798)

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego.

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, 0607, La Jolla, CA 92093-0607 (Dr Klonoff-Cohen).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Environmental Contributions to Disparities in Pregnancy Outcomes
Miranda et al.
Epidemiol Rev 2009;31:67-83.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Is Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure a Risk Factor for Acute Gastroenteritis in Young Children?
Kum-Nji et al.
CLIN PEDIATR 2009;48:756-762.
ABSTRACT  

Impact of Sleep on Arrhythmogenesis
Verrier and Josephson
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2009;2:450-459.
FULL TEXT  

Recommendations for sudden infant death syndrome prevention: a discussion document
Mitchell
Arch. Dis. Child. 2007;92:155-159.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Reported Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy
Shah et al.
AJPH 2006;96:1757-1759.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sudden infant death syndrome.
Hunt and Hauck
CMAJ 2006;174:1861-1869.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Prevalence and Mechanisms of Causation of Infections in Children
Kum-Nji et al.
Pediatrics 2006;117:1745-1754.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Risk Factors Associated With Sudden Unexplained Infant Death: A Prospective Study of Infant Care Practices in Kentucky
Shields et al.
Pediatrics 2005;116:e13-e20.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Outdoor carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sudden infant death syndrome
Klonoff-Cohen et al.
Arch. Dis. Child. 2005;90:750-753.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Breastfeeding and the Risk of Postneonatal Death in the United States
Chen and Rogan
Pediatrics 2004;113:e435-e439.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Predicting Adoption of Home Smoking Restriction by Inner-city Black Smokers
Okah et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157:1202-1205.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Smoking Patterns of Household Members and Visitors in Homes With Children in the United States
Schuster et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002;156:1094-1100.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Asthma Management and Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Reduction in Latino Children: A Controlled Trial
Hovell et al.
Pediatrics 2002;110:946-956.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Pharmacology of Nicotinic Receptors in PreBotzinger Complex That Mediate Modulation of Respiratory Pattern
Shao and Feldman
J. Neurophysiol. 2002;88:1851-1858.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

How many deaths are caused by second hand cigarette smoke?
Woodward and Laugesen
Tobacco Control 2001;10:383-388.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Maternal and Paternal Recreational Drug Use and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Klonoff-Cohen and Lam-Kruglick
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001;155:765-770.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Mechanisms Underlying Regulation of Respiratory Pattern by Nicotine in PreBotzinger Complex
Shao and Feldman
J. Neurophysiol. 2001;85:2461-2467.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Examination of State Regulations Regarding Infants and Sleep in Licensed Child Care Centers and Family Child Care Settings
Moon et al.
Pediatrics 2001;107:1029-1036.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Bedsharing, Parental Weight, and Age at Death
Carroll-Pankhurst and Mortimer Jr
Pediatrics 2001;107:530-536.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Passive Cigarette Smoke Exposure of Infants: Importance of Nonparental Sources
Ownby et al.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154:1237-1241.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Decreasing environmental tobacco smoke exposure among low income children: preliminary findings
Hovell et al.
Tobacco Control 2000;9:70i-71.
FULL TEXT  

Effect of counselling mothers on their children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: randomised controlled trial
Hovell et al.
BMJ 2000;321:337-342.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Adverse Effects of Nicotine and Interleukin-1beta on Autoresuscitation After Apnea in Piglets: Implications for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Frøen et al.
Pediatrics 2000;105:52e-52.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Developing practice with health and social care professionals on smoking and pregnancy in Northern Ireland
O'Doherty et al.
Health Education Journal 2000;59:297-307.
ABSTRACT  

The Scope of Unmet Maternal Health Needs in Pediatric Settings
Kahn et al.
Pediatrics 1999;103:576-581.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

In-utero and neonatal exposure to secondhand smoke causes vascular dysfunction in newborn rats
Hutchison et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:1463-1467.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Case-control study of current validity of previously described risk factors for SIDS in the Netherlands
l'Hoir et al.
Arch. Dis. Child. 1998;79:386-393.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A case-control study of smoking and sudden infant death syndrome in the Scandinavian countries, 1992 to 1995
Alm et al.
Arch. Dis. Child. 1998;78:329-334.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Review : Parental Smoking and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Review of the Evidence
Thornton and Lee
Indoor and Built Environment 1998;7:87-97.
ABSTRACT  

Tobacco and Children: An Economic Evaluation of the Medical Effects of Parental Smoking
Aligne and Stoddard
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997;151:648-653.
ABSTRACT  

Environmental Tobacco Smoke: A Hazard to Children
Committee on Environmental Health
Pediatrics 1997;99:639-642.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sudden infant death syndrome: after the "back to sleep" campaign
Dwyer and Ponsonby
BMJ 1996;313:180-181.
FULL TEXT  

Smoking and the sudden infant death syndrome: results from 1993-5 case-control study for confidential inquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy
Blair et al.
BMJ 1996;313:195-198.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

AIDS' nomenclature's spelling or style
Rafiquzzman et al.
The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 1995;115:331-332.
 

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Circadian Rhythm
Wehrmacher
JAMA 1995;274:944-944.
ABSTRACT  

Smoking, Tobacco Exposure Through Breast Milk, and SIDS
Dermer
JAMA 1995;274:214-215.
ABSTRACT  

SIDS and Passive Smoking
JWatch Psychiatry 1995;1995:20-20.
FULL TEXT  

DOES PASSIVE SMOKE INCREASE THE RISK OF SIDS?
JWatch General 1995;1995:7-7.
FULL TEXT  

Sleep Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Willinger
JAMA 1995;273:818-819.
ABSTRACT