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Bloodstream Infections Associated With a Needleless Intravenous Infusion System in Patients Receiving Home Infusion Therapy
Lisa E. Danzig, MD;
Louise J. Short, MD, MSc;
Kelly Collins, RN;
Maryann Mahoney, RN, BSN;
Steven Sepe, MD;
Lee Bland, MPH;
William R. Jarvis, MD
JAMA. 1995;273(23):1862-1864.
Abstract
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Objective.
—To determine risk factors for bloodstream infections (BSIs) in an outbreak among patients receiving home intravenous infusion therapy.
Desing.
—Case-control and retrospective cohort studies.
Setting.
—Home health agency.
Patients.
—Patients receiving home intravenous infusion therapy from Rhode Island Home Therapeutics (RIHT) from January through December 1993.
Main Outcome Measure.
—Development of primary BSI.
Methods.
—We compared patients with BSI (ie, case patients) with randomly selected noninfected RIHT patients receiving intravenous therapy, conducted a cohort study of all RIHT patients receiving intravenous therapy via a central venous catheter (CVC), and conducted a culture survey of injection cap luminal fluid.
Results.
—Case patients were more likely than controls to have had therapy via a CVC (11/11 vs 14/32; odds ratio [OR] undefined; P<.001) or total parenteral nutrition and intralipid therapy (TPN/IL) (9/11 vs 3/32; OR, 43.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9 to 510.0). Among RIHT patients with CVCs, risk factors for BSI were receipt of TPN/IL (9/35 vs 2/67; rate ratio [RR], 8.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 37.7) or use of a needleless infusion system (10/41 vs 1/61; RR, 14.9; 95% CI, 2.0 to 111.8). Only the combination of both exposures was significantly associated with development of a BSI (P<.001). Luminal fluid from injection caps of needleless devices was significantly more likely to be culture positive than fluid from protected-needle devices (5/23 vs 0/18; RR undefined; P=.04).
Conclusions.
—Our data suggest that a needleless device used for TPN/IL was associated with increased risk of BSI when injection caps were changed every 7 days.
(JAMA. 1995;273:1862-1864)
Author Affiliations
From the Hospital Infections Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga (Drs Danzig, Short, and Jarvis and Mr Bland); and Rhode Island Home Therapeutics, East Providence (Dr Sepe and Mss Collins and Mahoney). Ms Collins is now with EvoCare, East Providence, RI, and Ms Mahoney is now with the Clinic I.V. Network, Pawtucket, RI.
Footnotes
Presented in part at the 34th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Orlando, Fla, October 6, 1994.
Use of trade names or commercial sources is for information purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Public Health Service or the US Department of Health and Human Services.
Correspondence to Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop E-55, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr Danzig).
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