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A Recommendation From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine

Russell R. Pate, PhD; Michael Pratt, MD, MPH; Steven N. Blair, PED; William L. Haskell, PhD; Caroline A. Macera, PhD; Claude Bouchard, PhD; David Buchner, MD, MPH; Walter Ettinger, MD; Gregory W. Heath, DHSc; Abby C. King, PhD; Andrea Kriska, PhD; Arthur S. Leon, MD; Bess H. Marcus, PhD; Jeremy Morris, MD; Ralph S. Paffenbarger, Jr, MD; Kevin Patrick, MD; Michael L. Pollock, PhD; James M. Rippe, MD; James Sallis, PhD; Jack H. Wilmore, PhD

JAMA. 1995;273(5):402-407.

Abstract
Objective.
—To encourage increased participation in physical activity among Americans of all ages by issuing a public health recommendation on the types and amounts of physical activity needed for health promotion and disease prevention.

Participants.
—A planning committee of five scientists was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine to organize a workshop. This committee selected 15 other workshop discussants on the basis of their research expertise in issues related to the health implications of physical activity. Several relevant professional or scientific organizations and federal agencies also were represented.

Evidence.
—The panel of experts reviewed the pertinent physiological, epidemiologic, and clinical evidence, including primary research articles and recent review articles.

Consensus Process.
—Major issues related to physical activity and health were outlined, and selected members of the expert panel drafted sections of the paper from this outline. A draft manuscript was prepared by the planning committee and circulated to the full panel in advance of the 2-day workshop. During the workshop, each section of the manuscript was reviewed by the expert panel. Primary attention was given to achieving group consensus concerning the recommended types and amounts of physical activity. A concise "public health message" was developed to express the recommendations of the panel. During the ensuing months, the consensus statement was further reviewed and revised and was formally endorsed by both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine.

Conclusion.
—Every US adult should accumulate 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week.

(JAMA. 1995;273:402-407)

Author Affiliations
From the School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (Drs Pate and Macera); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga (Drs Pratt and Heath); Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research, Dallas, Tex (Dr Blair); Physical Activity Science Lab, Laval (Quebec) University (Dr Bouchard); Stanford (Calif) University School of Medicine (Drs Haskell and King); Department of Health Services, University of Washington and Seattle VA Medical Center (Dr Buchner); Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (Dr Ettinger); Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh (Pa) (Dr Kriska); Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Dr Leon); The Miriam Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (Dr Marcus); Department of Public Health and Policy, London (England) School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (Dr Morris); Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University (Dr Paffenbarger); General Preventive Medicine Residency, University of California, San Diego, and San Diego State University (Dr Patrick); Departments of Medicine and Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville (Dr Pollock); Center for Clinical and Lifestyle Research, Tufts University, Medford, Mass (Dr Rippe); Department of Psychology, San Diego State University (Dr Sallis); Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Unversity of Texas at Austin (Dr Wilmore).

Footnotes
This statement and its recommendations are endorsed and supported by the Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association.

Reprint requests to Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina School of Public Health, Columbia, SC 29208 (Dr Pate).

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