 |
|
Seroprevalence of Antibody Against Poliovirus in Inner-city Preschool ChildrenImplications for Vaccination Policy in the United States
Robert T. Chen, MD;
Sheryl Hausinger, MD;
Adnan S. Dajani, MD;
Marcus Hanfling, MD;
Andrew L. Baughman, MPH;
Mark A. Pallansch, PhD;
Peter A. Patriarca, MD
JAMA. 1996;275(21):1639-1645.
Abstract
| |
Objective.
—To assess susceptibility to poliomyelitis in selected inner-city preschool children in the United States and to estimate the contribution of secondary spread of live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine virus to type-specific immunity.
Design.
—Cross-sectional seroprevalence study.
Methods.
—Serum neutralizing antibody levels against poliovirus types 1,2, and 3 were analyzed according to vaccination status, age, and other sociodemographic variables.
Setting.
—Hospital and satellite clinics serving inner-city populations in Houston, Tex, and Detroit, Mich, 1990 to 1991.
Participants.
—A total of 526 children aged 12 to 47 months seeking medical care were enrolled in the seroprevalence study; 144 children aged 12 to 35 months without a history of previous oral poliovirus vaccination were enrolled in the secondary spread study.
Results.
—Seropositive rates were similar in children in both cities, ranging from about 80% for types 1 and 3 in 12- to 23-month-old children to more than 90% in those aged 36 to 47 months. The most important predictor of seropositivity was the number of doses of oral poliovirus vaccine received (P<.01), with levels approximately 90% for all 3 serotypes among children who had received 3 or more doses. In children likely to have been unvaccinated, seropositive rates ranged from 9% to 18% for poliovirus types 1 and 3 and from 29% to 42% for type 2; secondary spread of vaccine virus appeared to have occurred among children who had previously received 1 dose or less but not those with 2 or more doses.
Conclusions.
—Levels of immunity to poliovirus among inner-city preschoolers are high and may be predicted by the number of doses of oral poliovirus vaccine received. Secondary spread of the vaccine virus plays a modest role in increasing polio immunity in inner-city populations, especially against types 1 and 3. This role will decrease in importance if the recently attained high levels of immunization coverage in the United States are sustained and if the risk of importation of wild poliovirus continues to diminish.
(JAMA. 1996;276:1639-1645)
Author Affiliations
From the National Immunization Program (Drs Chen and Patriarca and Mr Baughman) and Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases (Dr Pallansch), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga; Section of Academic Ambulatory Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (Drs Hausinger and Hanfling); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Dr Dajani). Dr Patriarca is now with the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Md.
Footnotes
Presented in part at the 32nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, October 13-14, 1992, Anaheim, Calif.
Reprints: Robert T. Chen, MD, National Immunization Program (E61), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter
What's this?
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
The Risks, Costs, and Benefits of Possible Future Global Policies for Managing Polioviruses
Thompson et al.
AJPH 2008;98:1322-1330.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Decision Analysis in Planning for a Polio Outbreak in the United States
Jenkins and Modlin
Pediatrics 2006;118:611-618.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
A Dynamic Model of Poliomyelitis Outbreaks: Learning from the Past to Help Inform the Future
Duintjer Tebbens et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2005;162:358-372.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Circulation of Endemic Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Egypt from 1983 to 1993
Yang et al.
J. Virol. 2003;77:8366-8377.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Community-Acquired Poliovirus Infection in Children with Primary Immunodeficiencies in Tunisia
Triki et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2003;41:1203-1211.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Parental Opinions Regarding Poliomyelitis Immunizations
Epee-Bounya et al.
CLIN PEDIATR 2001;40:435-440.
ABSTRACT
Polio vaccine: is it time for a change? • Commentary
Finn et al.
Arch. Dis. Child. 1998;78:571-574.
FULL TEXT
Poliomyelitis Prevention: Recommendations for Use of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine and Live Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
Committee on Infectious Diseases
Pediatrics 1997;99:300-305.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
DOES ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE WORK FOR INNER-CITY CHILDREN?
JWatch General 1996;1996:4-4.
FULL TEXT
Polio Eradication--How Near?
Foege
JAMA 1996;275:1682-1683.
ABSTRACT
|
