This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on Web of Science (278)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in JAMA  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Robert W. Pinner, MD; Steven M. Teutsch, MD; Lone Simonsen, PhD; Laura A. Klug, MPH; Judith M. Graber, MS; Matthew J. Clarke, MA; Ruth L. Berkelman, MD

JAMA. 1996;275(3):189-193.

Abstract
Objective.
—To evaluate recent trends in infectious diseases mortality in the United States.

Design.
—Descriptive study of infectious disease mortality, classifying International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes as infectious diseases, consequence of infectious diseases, or not infectious diseases. Multiple cause-of-death tapes from the National Center for Health Statistics for the years 1980 through 1992 were used, with a focus on underlying cause-of-death data and on codes that exclusively represent infectious diseases.

Setting.
—United States.

Subjects.
—All persons who died between 1980 and 1992.

Main Outcome Measure.
—Death.

Results.
— Between 1980 and 1992, the death rate due to infectious diseases as the underlying cause of death increased 58%, from 41 to 65 deaths per 100 000 population in the United States. Age-adjusted mortality from infectious diseases increased 39% during the same period. Infectious diseases mortality increased 25% among those aged 65 years and older (from 271 to 338 per 100 000), and 6.3 times among 25- to 44-year-olds (from six to 38 deaths per 100000). Mortality due to respiratory tract infections increased 20%, from 25 to 30 deaths per 100 000, deaths attributed to human immunodeficiency virus increased from virtually none to 13 per 100000 in 1992, and the rate of death due to septicemia increased 83% from 4.2 to 7.7 per 100000.

Conclusions.
—Despite historical predictions that infectious diseases would wane in the United States, these data show that infectious diseases mortality in the United States has been increasing in recent years.

(JAMA. 1996;275:189-193)

Author Affiliations
From the National Center for Infectious Diseases (Drs Pinner, Simonsen, and Berkelman, Mss Klug and Graber, and Mr Clarke), Epidemiology Program Office (Dr Teutsch), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga; Trandes Corp, Atlanta (Dr Simonsen and Ms Klug); and the Klemm Analysis Group, Atlanta (Ms Graber).

Footnotes
Reprint requests to NCID/CDC, Mail Stop C12, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr Pinner).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Effect of age on susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in C57BL/6 mice
Ren et al.
J Med Microbiol 2009;58:1559-1567.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Use of Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Monte Carlo Simulation To Describe the Pharmacodynamic Profile of Cefditoren in Plasma and Epithelial Lining Fluid
Lodise et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2008;52:1945-1951.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Polyene susceptibility is dependent on nitrogen source in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans
Oliver et al.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;61:1302-1308.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Infectious Disease Hospitalizations Among Infants in the United States
Yorita et al.
Pediatrics 2008;121:244-252.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Age-Associated Defect in Human TLR-1/2 Function
van Duin et al.
J. Immunol. 2007;178:970-975.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effectiveness of early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics in severe community acquired pneumonia: multicentre randomised trial
Oosterheert et al.
BMJ 2006;333:1193-1193.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

An aged host promotes the evolution of avirulent coxsackievirus into a virulent strain
Gay et al.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006;103:13825-13830.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus
Kahn
Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2006;19:546-557.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Communicable disease control--still a core public health function
van Steenbergen et al.
Eur J Public Health 2006;16:118-118.
FULL TEXT  

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships Describing the Efficacy of Oritavancin in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Bhavnani et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2006;50:994-1000.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Interleukin-1beta Induction of NF{kappa}B Is Partially Regulated by H2O2-mediated Activation of NF{kappa}B-inducing Kinase
Li and Engelhardt
J. Biol. Chem. 2006;281:1495-1505.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Infectious Disease Hospitalizations Among Older Adults in the United States From 1990 Through 2002
Curns et al.
Arch Intern Med 2005;165:2514-2520.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Economic evaluation of voriconazole compared with conventional amphotericin B for the primary treatment of aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients
Wenzel et al.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2005;55:352-361.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Seroprevalence of 6 Infectious Diseases in the United States: Data From NHANES III, 1988-1994
McQuillan et al.
AJPH 2004;94:1952-1958.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

LPS-binding protein-deficient mice have an impaired defense against Gram-negative but not Gram-positive pneumonia
Branger et al.
Int Immunol 2004;16:1605-1611.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Activation of Acid Sphingomyelinase and Its Inhibition by the Nitric Oxide/Cyclic Guanosine 3',5'-Monophosphate Pathway: Key Events in Escherichia coli-Elicited Apoptosis of Dendritic Cells
Falcone et al.
J. Immunol. 2004;173:4452-4463.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The p38 MAPK Pathway Mediates Transcriptional Activation of the Plasma Platelet-activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Gene in Macrophages Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide
Wu et al.
J. Biol. Chem. 2004;279:36158-36165.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Single-Dose Azithromycin for Respiratory Tract Infections
Law and Amsden
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2004;38:433-439.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

National surveillance of species distribution in blood isolates of Candida species in Japan and their susceptibility to six antifungal agents including voriconazole and micafungin
Takakura et al.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2004;53:283-289.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

PC-SPES: A Potent Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Rescues Mice from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Septic Shock
Ikezoe et al.
Mol. Pharmacol. 2003;64:1521-1529.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B p50 Limits Inflammation and Prevents Lung Injury during Escherichia coli Pneumonia
Mizgerd et al.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003;168:810-817.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sublethal Hyperoxia Impairs Pulmonary Innate Immunity
Baleeiro et al.
J. Immunol. 2003;171:955-963.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Mechanisms of bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial apoptosis
Bannerman and Goldblum
Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2003;284:L899-L914.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Human Metapneumovirus Infection in the United States: Clinical Manifestations Associated With a Newly Emerging Respiratory Infection in Children
Esper et al.
Pediatrics 2003;111:1407-1410.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Photoperiodic Adjustments in Immune Function Protect Siberian Hamsters from Lethal Endotoxemia
Prendergast et al.
J Biol Rhythms 2003;18:51-62.
ABSTRACT  

Infectious Disease Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native Infants
Holman et al.
Pediatrics 2003;111:e176-182.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effectiveness of oral moxifloxacin in standard first-line therapy in community-acquired pneumonia
Torres et al.
Eur Respir J 2003;21:135-143.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Laboratory Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Controversy and Conundrums
Carroll
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2002;40:3115-3120.
FULL TEXT  

Educational level and mortality from infectious diseases
Regidor et al.
J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2002;56:682-683.
FULL TEXT  

Lipopolysaccharide Down-regulates Sp1 Binding Activity by Promoting Sp1 Protein Dephosphorylation and Degradation
Ye and Liu
J. Biol. Chem. 2002;277:31863-31870.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Trends in Antimicrobial Prescribing Rates for Children and Adolescents
McCaig et al.
JAMA 2002;287:3096-3102.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Automated Extraction of Genomic DNA from Medically Important Yeast Species and Filamentous Fungi by Using the MagNA Pure LC System
Loeffler et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2002;40:2240-2243.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Rapid Antibiotic Delivery and Appropriate Antibiotic Selection Reduce Length of Hospital Stay of Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Link Between Quality of Care and Resource Utilization
Battleman et al.
Arch Intern Med 2002;162:682-688.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Black-White Differences in Infectious Disease Mortality in the United States
Richardus and Kunst
AJPH 2001;91:1251-1253.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clinical Evaluation of the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia by General Practitioners in France
Fantin et al.
Chest 2001;120:185-192.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Diabetes and the Risk of Infection-Related Mortality in the U.S.
Bertoni et al.
Diabetes Care 2001;24:1044-1049.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Activation of Extracellular Signal-Related Protein Kinases 1 and 2 of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Family by Lipopolysaccharide Requires Plasma in Neutrophils from Adults and Newborns
Bonner et al.
Infect. Immun. 2001;69:3143-3149.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Longitudinal surveillance of antibiotic use in the hospital
Raveh et al.
QJM 2001;94:141-152.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Development of Antimicrobial Agents in the Era of New and Reemerging Infectious Diseases and Increasing Antibiotic Resistance
Cassell and Mekalanos
JAMA 2001;285:601-605.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Prospective Study of Age and Lifestyle Factors in Relation to Community-Acquired Pneumonia in US Men and Women
Baik et al.
Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3082-3088.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

rpoB Gene Analysis as a Novel Strategy for Identification of Spirochetes from the Genera Borrelia, Treponema, and Leptospira
Renesto et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2000;38:2200-2203.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase Modulates Host Responsiveness to Endotoxin
Swantek et al.
J. Immunol. 2000;164:4301-4306.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Nitric Oxide and Septic Vascular Dysfunction
Murray et al.
Anesth. Analg. 2000;90:89-89.
FULL TEXT  

Priming Interleukin 8 Production: Role of Platelet-Activating Factor and p38
Arbabi et al.
Arch Surg 1999;134:1348-1353.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Outpatient Visits for Infectious Diseases in the United States, 1980 Through 1996
Armstrong and Pinner
Arch Intern Med 1999;159:2531-2536.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sepsis: Lessons Learned in the Last Century and Future Directions
Chaudry
Arch Surg 1999;134:922-929.
FULL TEXT  

Role of alveolar epithelial cell intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae
O'Brien et al.
Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 1999;276:L961-L970.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Emerging Infectious Diseases: Public Health Issues for the 21st Century
Binder et al.
Science 1999;284:1311-1313.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Toll-like Receptor-4 Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Signal Transduction
Chow et al.
J. Biol. Chem. 1999;274:10689-10692.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

New Intervention Strategies for Reducing Antibiotic Resistance
Yates
Chest 1999;115 :24S-27S.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Trends in Infectious Disease Mortality in the United States During the 20th Century
Armstrong et al.
JAMA 1999;281:61-66.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene
Poltorak et al.
Science 1998;282:2085-2088.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Trends in Infectious Disease Hospitalizations in the United States, 1980-1994
Simonsen et al.
Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1923-1928.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Patients with Bloodstream Infection: Frequencies of Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (United States and Canada, 1997)
Pfaller et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1998;42:1762-1770.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Infectious Diseases and Public Health
Weller
Pediatrics 1998;102:284-285.
FULL TEXT  

Introduction
Olshansky and Wilkins
J Aging Health 1998;10:123-135.
 

Why Do Symptomatic Patients Delay Obtaining Care for Tuberculosis?
ASCH et al.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998;157:1244-1248.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Outbreaks of Pneumococcal Pneumonia Among Unvaccinated Residents in Chronic-Care Facilities--Massachusetts, October 1995, Oklahoma, February 1996, and Maryland, May-June 1996
JAMA 1997;277:452-453.
ABSTRACT  

Why Sepsis Trials Fail
Bone
JAMA 1996;276:565-566.
ABSTRACT  

A Global Theme Issue on Emerging and Reemerging Global Microbial Threats-Reply
Hughes and Berkelman
JAMA 1996;276:198-198.
ABSTRACT  

Infectious Diseases
Stoeckle and Douglas
JAMA 1996;275:1816-1817.
ABSTRACT  

Increasing US Mortality From Infectious Diseases
Suchman
JAMA 1996;275:1400-1400.
ABSTRACT  

Increasing US Mortality From Infectious Diseases
Randall
JAMA 1996;275:1399-1400.
ABSTRACT  

Social Vulnerability and Death by Infection
Fineberg
NEJM 1996;334:858-860.
FULL TEXT  

Infection Emergent
Lederberg
JAMA 1996;275:243-245.
ABSTRACT  

Infectious Diseases: A Global Approach to a Global Problem
Winker and Flanagin
JAMA 1996;275:245-246.
ABSTRACT  

Lipopolysaccharide Induces Rac1-dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Coordinates Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Secretion through IKK Regulation of NF-kappa B
Sanlioglu et al.
J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276:30188-30198.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT