This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in JAMA  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Christopher D. Gardner, PhD; Stephen P. Fortmann, MD; Ronald M. Krauss, MD

JAMA. 1996;276(11):875-881.

Abstract
Objective.
—To investigate the prospective association of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle diameter with the incidence of fatal and nonfatal coronary artery disease (CAD).

Design.
—A nested case-control study.

Setting.
—Cases and controls were identified from a population-based sample of men and women combining all of the 5 cross-sectional surveys conducted from 1979 to 1990 of the Stanford Five-City Project (FCP).

Participants.
—Incident CAD cases were identified through FCP surveillance between 1979 and 1992. Controls were matched by sex, 5-year age groups, survey time point, ethnicity, and FCP treatment condition. The sample included 124 matched pairs: 90 pairs of men and 34 pairs of women.

Main Outcome Measures.
—LDL peak particle diameter (LDL size) was determined by gradient gel electrophoresis on plasma samples collected during the cross-sectional surveys (stored at 70°C for 5-15 years). Established CAD risk-factor data were available from FCP baseline measurements.

Results.
—LDL size was smaller among CAD cases than controls (mean ±SD) (26.17±1.00nm vs 26.68±0.90nm;P<.001).The association was graded across control quintiles of LDL size. The significant case-control difference in LDL size was independent of levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non—HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), triglyceride, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index, but was not significant after adjusting for the ratio of total cholesterol (TC) to HDL-C (TC:HDL-C). Among all the physiological risk factors, LDL size was the best differentiator of CAD status in conditional logistic regression. However, when added to the physiological parameters above, the TC:HDL-C ratio was found to be a stronger independent predictor of CAD status.

Conclusion.
—LDL size was significantly smaller in CAD cases than in controls in a prospective, population-based study. These findings support other evidence of a role for small, dense LDL particles in the etiology of atherosclerosis.

Author Affiliations
From the Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (Drs Gardner and Fortmann); and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, Calif (Dr Krauss).

Footnotes
Reprints: Stephen P. Fortmann, MD, Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1000 Welch Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1825.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Advanced Lipoprotein Testing and Subfractionation Are Clinically Useful
Superko
Circulation 2009;119:2383-2395.
FULL TEXT  

Advanced Lipoprotein Testing and Subfractionation Are Not (Yet) Ready for Routine Clinical Use
Mora
Circulation 2009;119:2396-2404.
FULL TEXT  

Systematic Review: Association of Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions With Cardiovascular Outcomes
Ip et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2009;150:474-484.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

VAP II analysis of lipoprotein subclasses in mixed hyperlipidemic patients on treatment with ezetimibe/simvastatin and fenofibrate
Farnier et al.
J. Lipid Res. 2008;49:2641-2647.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relationship of Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue With Lipoprotein Particle Number and Size in Type 2 Diabetes
Sam et al.
Diabetes 2008;57:2022-2027.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Overproduction of Very Low-Density Lipoproteins Is the Hallmark of the Dyslipidemia in the Metabolic Syndrome
Adiels et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2008;28:1225-1236.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cardiovascular Events With Increased Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 and Low High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol: The Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial
Robins et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2008;28:1172-1178.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Usefulness of Childhood Non-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Versus Other Lipoprotein Measures in Predicting Adult Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Frontini et al.
Pediatrics 2008;121:924-929.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cholesterol levels in small LDL particles predict the risk of coronary heart disease in the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study
Arsenault et al.
Eur Heart J 2007;28:2770-2777.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Beyond Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: Defining the Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Heterogeneity in Coronary Artery Disease
Mudd et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:1735-1741.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Alcohol Consumption and Lipoprotein Subclasses in Older Adults
Mukamal et al.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007;92:2559-2566.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Recipes for Creating Animal Models of Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease
Hsueh et al.
Circ. Res. 2007;100:1415-1427.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Combination of Psyllium and Plant Sterols Alters Lipoprotein Metabolism in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects by Modifying the Intravascular Processing of Lipoproteins and Increasing LDL Uptake
Shrestha et al.
J. Nutr. 2007;137:1165-1170.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women: The A TO Z Weight Loss Study: A Randomized Trial
Gardner et al.
JAMA 2007;297:969-977.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Value of Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Number and Size as Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Apparently Healthy Men and Women: The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study
El Harchaoui et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:547-553.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Rosiglitazone increases LDL particle size and buoyancy and decreases C-reactive protein in patients with type 2 diabetes on statin therapy
Yu et al.
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 2006;3:189-196.
ABSTRACT  

A Combination Therapy Including Psyllium and Plant Sterols Lowers LDL Cholesterol by Modifying Lipoprotein Metabolism in Hypercholesterolemic Individuals
Shrestha et al.
J. Nutr. 2006;136:2492-2497.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Separate effects of reduced carbohydrate intake and weight loss on atherogenic dyslipidemia
Krauss et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;83:1025-1031.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Increased Apolipoprotein Deposits in Early Atherosclerotic Lesions Distinguish Symptomatic From Asymptomatic Patients
Wyler von Ballmoos et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2006;26:359-364.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Low-density lipoprotein size and cardiovascular risk assessment
Rizzo and Berneis
QJM 2006;99:1-14.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Altered lipoprotein subclass distribution and PAF-AH activity in subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis
Rufail et al.
J. Lipid Res. 2005;46:2752-2760.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Maintenance of the LDL Cholesterol:HDL Cholesterol Ratio in an Elderly Population Given a Dietary Cholesterol Challenge
Greene et al.
J. Nutr. 2005;135:2793-2798.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Activity Is a Marker of Small, Dense LDL Particles in Human Plasma
Gazi et al.
Clin. Chem. 2005;51:2264-2273.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: the potential contribution of nicotinic acid
Van Gaal et al.
British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2005;5:344-350.
ABSTRACT  

Dietary and Genetic Probes of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia
Krauss
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2005;25:2265-2272.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Small differences in the effects of stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid on the serum lipoprotein profile of humans
Thijssen and Mensink
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005;82:510-516.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A proteomic study of the apolipoproteins in LDL subclasses in patients with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes
Davidsson et al.
J. Lipid Res. 2005;46:1999-2006.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Quantification of Lipoprotein Subclasses by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Partial Least-Squares Regression Models
Petersen et al.
Clin. Chem. 2005;51:1457-1461.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Advanced Lipoprotein Testing Does Not Improve Identification of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Young Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Tzou et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2005;142:742-750.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Small, Dense Lipoprotein Particles and Reduced Paraoxonase-1 in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome
Garin et al.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005;90:2264-2269.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Biochemical risk markers: a novel area for better prediction of renal risk?
Stuveling et al.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005;20:497-508.
FULL TEXT  

Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions and the Long-Term Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in Men: 13-Year Follow-Up Data From the Quebec Cardiovascular Study
St-Pierre et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2005;25:553-559.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Identification of Unique Lipoprotein Subclasses for Visceral Obesity by Component Analysis of Cholesterol Profile in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Okazaki et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2005;25:578-584.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Conditional Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis
Kullo and Ballantyne
Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80:219-230.
ABSTRACT  

High Intake of Saturated Fat and Early Occurrence of Specific Biomarkers May Explain the Prevalence of Chronic Disease in Northern Mexico
Ballesteros et al.
J. Nutr. 2005;135:70-73.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Low-Density Lipoprotein Triglycerides Associated With Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation, Adhesion Molecules, and Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease: The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study
Marz et al.
Circulation 2004;110:3068-3074.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Dietary cholesterol does not increase biomarkers for chronic disease in a pediatric population from northern Mexico
Ballesteros et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004;80:855-861.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Size Loci in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia: Evidence for Multiple Loci From a Genome Scan
Badzioch et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2004;24:1942-1950.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Lipids and Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes: What is the cause and effect?
Boden and Laakso
Diabetes Care 2004;27:2253-2259.
FULL TEXT  

Sex and Age Differences in Lipoprotein Subclasses Measured by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: The Framingham Study
Freedman et al.
Clin. Chem. 2004;50:1189-1200.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Abdominal Obesity and Dyslipidemia in the Metabolic Syndrome: Importance of Type 2 Diabetes and Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia in Coronary Artery Disease Risk
Carr and Brunzell
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2004;89:2601-2607.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Study of agreement between LDL size as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance and gradient gel electrophoresis
Witte et al.
J. Lipid Res. 2004;45:1069-1076.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relationship between cholesteryl ester transfer protein and LDL heterogeneity in familial hypercholesterolemia
Hogue et al.
J. Lipid Res. 2004;45:1077-1083.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Genetics of LDL particle heterogeneity: from genetic epidemiology to DNA-based variations
Bosse et al.
J. Lipid Res. 2004;45:1008-1026.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Lipids and Lipoproteins in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Krauss
Diabetes Care 2004;27:1496-1504.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Pioglitazone plus a sulphonylurea or metformin is associated with increased lipoprotein particle size in patients with type 2 diabetes
Perez et al.
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 2004;1:44-50.
ABSTRACT  

Implications of plasma concentrations of adiponectin in patients with coronary artery disease
Nakamura et al.
Heart 2004;90:528-533.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Solid Dietary Fat Containing Fish Oil Redistributes Lipoprotein Subclasses without Increasing Oxidative Stress in Men
Tholstrup et al.
J. Nutr. 2004;134:1051-1057.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effects of an Inhibitor of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein on HDL Cholesterol
Brousseau et al.
NEJM 2004;350:1505-1515.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

LDL cholesterol-raising effect of low-dose docosahexaenoic acid in middle-aged men and women
Theobald et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004;79:558-563.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Diabetic Retinopathy and Serum Lipoprotein Subclasses in the DCCT/EDIC Cohort
Lyons et al.
IOVS 2004;45:910-918.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Soy Protein Favorably Affects LDL Size Independently of Isoflavones in Hypercholesterolemic Men and Women
Desroches et al.
J. Nutr. 2004;134:574-579.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Favorable Effects of Pioglitazone and Metformin Compared With Gliclazide on Lipoprotein Subfractions in Overweight Patients With Early Type 2 Diabetes
Lawrence et al.
Diabetes Care 2004;27:41-46.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Optimization of Hypolipidemic and Antiplatelet Treatment in the Diabetic Patient with Renal Disease
Trovati and Cavalot
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2004;15:S12-20.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Genome-wide scan for quantitative trait loci influencing LDL size and plasma triglyceride in familial hypertriglyceridemia
Austin et al.
J. Lipid Res. 2003;44:2161-2168.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Rapid Separation of LDL Subclasses by Iodixanol Gradient Ultracentrifugation
Davies et al.
Clin. Chem. 2003;49:1865-1872.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Low-Density Lipoprotein Size and Cardiovascular Disease: A Reappraisal
Sacks and Campos
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2003;88:4525-4532.
FULL TEXT  

High Carbohydrate and High Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Diets Similarly Affect LDL Electrophoretic Characteristics in Men Who Are Losing Weight
Archer et al.
J. Nutr. 2003;133:3124-3129.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Pioglitazone Reduces Atherogenic Dense LDL Particles in Nondiabetic Patients With Arterial Hypertension: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Winkler et al.
Diabetes Care 2003;26:2588-2594.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease: A Premature Association?
Legro
Endocr. Rev. 2003;24:302-312.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Medical Management of Hyperlipidemia/Dyslipidemia
Kreisberg and Oberman
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2003;88:2445-2461.
FULL TEXT  

Relationships Between Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Size, Plasma Lipoproteins, and Progression of Coronary Artery Disease: The Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study (DAIS)
Vakkilainen et al.
Circulation 2003;107:1733-1737.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Men Classified as Hypo- or Hyperresponders to Dietary Cholesterol Feeding Exhibit Differences in Lipoprotein Metabolism
Herron et al.
J. Nutr. 2003;133:1036-1042.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions and Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertension: Relationship to Endothelial Dysfunction and Effects of Treatment
Felmeden et al.
Hypertension 2003;41:528-533.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Smallest LDL Particles Are Most Strongly Related to Coronary Disease Progression in Men
Williams et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2003;23:314-321.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effects of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes on Lipoprotein Subclass Particle Size and Concentration Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Garvey et al.
Diabetes 2003;52:453-462.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Non-HDL Cholesterol as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: The Strong Heart Study
Lu et al.
Diabetes Care 2003;26:16-23.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

References
Circulation 2002;106:3373-3421.
FULL TEXT  

Effect of Fluvastatin Slow-Release on Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subfractions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Baseline LDL Profile Determines Specific Mode of Action
Winkler et al.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002;87:5485-5490.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Metabolic effects of nandrolone decanoate and resistance training in men with HIV
Sattler et al.
Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002;283:E1214-E1222.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Predict Five-Year Outcome in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI)
Bittner et al.
Circulation 2002;106:2537-2542.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coronary atherogenic risk factors in women
Stangl et al.
Eur Heart J 2002;23:1738-1752.
FULL TEXT  

Differential Reactivity of Two Homogeneous LDL-Cholesterol Methods to LDL and VLDL Subfractions, as Demonstrated by Ultracentrifugation and HPLC
Usui et al.
Clin. Chem. 2002;48:1946-1954.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Concentration and Size as Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease in Women
Blake et al.
Circulation 2002;106:1930-1937.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity
Berneis and Krauss
J. Lipid Res. 2002;43:1363-1379.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

High-fiber oat cereal compared with wheat cereal consumption favorably alters LDL-cholesterol subclass and particle numbers in middle-aged and older men
Davy et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002;76:351-358.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Selective and independent associations of phospholipid transfer protein and hepatic lipase with the LDL subfraction distribution
Murdoch et al.
J. Lipid Res. 2002;43:1256-1263.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Lipoproteins and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study
Kuller et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2002;22:1175-1180.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Characterization of LDL Particle Size Among Carriers of a Defective or a Null Mutation in the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene: The Quebec LIPD Study
Ruel et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2002;22:1181-1186.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Dietary Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Similarly Affect LDL Size in Healthy Men and Women
Kratz et al.
J. Nutr. 2002;132:715-718.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic dense low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Winkler et al.
British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2002;2:143-148.
ABSTRACT  

Abnormal low-density lipoprotein subfraction profile in patients with untreated hypertension
Landray et al.
QJM 2002;95:165-171.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Can Measurement of Serum Apolipoprotein B Replace the Lipid Profile Monitoring of Patients with Lipoprotein Disorders?
Miremadi et al.
Clin. Chem. 2002;48:484-488.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Is the Size of Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles Related to the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease?
Krauss et al.
JAMA 2002;287:712-713.
FULL TEXT  

A rapid single-step centrifugation method for determination of HDL, LDL, and VLDL cholesterol, and TG, and identification of predominant LDL subclass
Sawle et al.
J. Lipid Res. 2002;43:335-343.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Lipids and Atherosclerosis: Lessons Learned from Randomized Controlled Trials of Lipid Lowering and Other Relevant Studies
Kreisberg and Oberman
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002;87:423-437.
FULL TEXT  

Health Outcomes of Severely Obese Type 2 Diabetic Subjects 1 Year After Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding
Dixon and O'Brien
Diabetes Care 2002;25:358-363.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Comparison of Various Electrophoretic Characteristics of LDL Particles and Their Relationship to the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease
St-Pierre et al.
Circulation 2001;104:2295-2299.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Genetic Control of Coordinated Changes in HDL and LDL Size Phenotypes
Rainwater et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2001;21:1829-1833.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Oxidized LDL and HDL: antagonists in atherothrombosis
MERTENS and HOLVOET
FASEB J. 2001;15:2073-2084.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Low-Density Lipoprotein Size, Pravastatin Treatment, and Coronary Events
Campos et al.
JAMA 2001;286:1468-1474.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Hypertriglyceridemic HyperapoB: The Unappreciated Atherogenic Dyslipoproteinemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Sniderman et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2001;135:447-459.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coronary Heart Disease Prediction From Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels, Triglycerides, Lipoprotein(a), Apolipoproteins A-I and B, and HDL Density Subfractions: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Sharrett et al.
Circulation 2001;104:1108-1113.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
Cui et al.
Arch Intern Med 2001;161:1413-1419.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Dyslipidaemia in patients with malignant-phase hypertension
Edmunds et al.
QJM 2001;94:327-332.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Low Density Lipoprotein Particle Size and Risk of Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction in Women
Kamigaki et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:939-945.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT