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  Vol. 276 No. 21, December 4, 1996 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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A Family Intervention to Delay Nursing Home Placement of Patients With Alzheimer Disease

A Randomized Controlled Trial

Mary S. Mittelman, DrPH; Steven H. Ferris, PhD; Emma Shulman, CSW; Gertrude Steinberg, MS; Bruce Levin, PhD

JAMA. 1996;276(21):1725-1731.


Abstract

Objective.
—To determine the long-term effectiveness of comprehensive support and counseling for spouse-caregivers and families in postponing or preventing nursing home placement of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).

Design.
—Randomized controlled intervention study.

Setting.
—Outpatient research clinic in the New York City metropolitan area.

Participants.
—Referred, volunteer sample of 206 spouse-caregivers of AD patients who enrolled in the study during a 31/2-year period. All patients were living at home at baseline and had at least 1 relative living in the area.

Intervention.
—Caregivers in the treatment group were provided with 6 sessions of individual and family counseling within 4 months of enrollment in the study and were required to join support groups. In addition, counselors were available for further counseling at any time.

Main Outcome Measure.
—Time from enrollment of caregivers in the study to placement of the AD patients in a nursing home.

Results.
—Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, we estimated that the median time (weighted average of estimates for male and female caregivers) from baseline to nursing home placement of AD patients was 329 days longer in the treatment group than in the control group (z=2.29; P=.02). The relative risk (RR) from a Cox proportional hazard model of nursing home placement (intent-to-treat estimate) after adjusting for caregiver sex, patient age, and patient income was 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45 to 0.94; P=.02), indicating that caregivers were approximately two thirds as likely to place their spouses in nursing homes at any point in time if they were in the treatment group than if they were in the control group. Treatment had the greatest effect on risk of placement for patients who were mildly demented (RR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.77) or moderately demented (RR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.82).

Conclusions.
—A program of counseling and support can substantially increase the time spouse-caregivers are able to care for AD patients at home, particularly during the early to middle stages of dementia when nursing home placement is generally least appropriate.



Author Affiliations

From the Aging and Dementia Research Center, New York University Medical Center (Drs Mittelman and Ferris, and Mss Shulman and Steinberg), and the Division of Biostatistics, Columbia University School of Public Health, The G. Sergievsky Center, and the New York; State Psychiatric Institute (Dr Levin), New York, NY.


Footnotes

Reprints: Mary S. Mittelman, DrPH, Aging and Dementia Research Center, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Ave, THN 312C, New York, NY 10016.



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