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Variations in Cataract Extraction Rates in Medicare Prepaid and Fee-for-Service Settings
Caroline Lubick Goldzweig, MD, MSPH;
Brian S. Mittman, PhD;
Grace M. Carter, PhD;
Tenzing Donyo, MBA;
Robert H. Brook, MD, ScD;
Paul Lee, MD, JD;
Carol M. Mangione, MD, MSPH
JAMA. 1997;277(22):1765-1768.
Abstract
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Objective.
—To compare rates of cataract extraction in 2 prepaid health settings and in traditional fee-for-service (FFS) settings.
Design.
—A cross-sectional analysis using 1993 health maintenance organization (HMO) Medicare claims and encounter files, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) 5% Medicare Part B provider/supplier file, and the HCFA October 1992 100% Medicare population file.
Setting.
—Southern California Medicare FFS settings and the staff-model and independent practice association (IPA) plans of a large California HMO.
Patients.
—1993 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. The study included 43 387 staff-model HMO enrollees, 19050 IPA enrollees, and 47150 FFS beneficiaries (a 5% sample of all Southern California FFS beneficiaries).
Main Outcome Measure.
—Age and risk-factor adjusted rates of cataract extraction per 1000 beneficiary-years.
Results.
—After controlling for age, sex, and diabetes mellitus status, FFS beneficiaries were twice as likely to undergo cataract extraction as were prepaid beneficiaries (P<.01). Female FFS beneficiaries were nearly twice as likely to undergo the procedure as were male FFS beneficiaries (P<.001); there were no extraction rate differences by sex in the prepaid settings.
Conclusion.
—Because of the potential implications for vision care in the elderly, the significantly different rates of cataract extraction in FFS and prepaid settings warrant further clinical investigation to determine whether there is overuse in FFS vs underuse in prepaid settings. Such investigations must assess the appropriateness of cataract surgery by evaluating its use relative to clinical need.
Author Affiliations
From the Division of General Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Los Angeles, Calif (Dr Goldzweig); Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine (Drs Goldzweig, Brook, and Mangione); RAND, Santa Monica, Calif (Drs Goldzweig, Mittman, Carter, Brook, Lee, and Mangione and Mr Donyo); and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles (Dr Lee).
Footnotes
This project was funded by the health maintenance organization that was the subject of the study. This health maintenance organization was not involved in data analysis or the interpretation of results.
Reprints: Caroline Lubick Goldzweig, MD, MSPH, Division of General Internal Medicine, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, 111G, Los Angeles, CA 90073 (e-mail: GOLDZWEIG.CAROLINE_L@WEST-LA.VA.GOV).
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