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Implementation of the Ottawa Ankle Rules in FranceA Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Guy-Robert Auleley, MD;
Philippe Ravaud, MD, PhD;
Bruno Giraudeau;
Luc Kerboull, MD;
Rémy Nizard, MD;
Philippe Massin, MD;
Christian Garreau de Loubresse, MD;
Christian Vallée, MD;
Pierre Durieux, MD
JAMA. 1997;277(24):1935-1939.
Abstract
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Objectives.
—To assess the impact of the implementation of the Ottawa ankle rules on radiography requests in French hospitals during a 5-month intervention period and the impact of using posters alone to sustain the effect of the rules during a 5-month postintervention period.
Design.
—Multicenter randomized controlled trial preceded and followed by observational studies of radiological practices.
Setting.
—The emergency departments of 5 Paris university teaching hospitals of the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris.
Patients.
—A total of 2218, 1911, and 851 patients—all aged 18 years and older—who were seen for acute ankle or midfoot injuries in emergency departments during preintervention, intervention, and postintervention periods, respectively.
Intervention.
—Implementation of the Ottawa ankle rules by emergency department physicians in the intervention hospitals (using meetings, posters, pocket cards, and data forms). During the postintervention period, posters alone were used to sustain the intervention effect.
Main Outcome Measure.
—Percentage of patients for whom radiography was requested.
Results.
—During the preintervention period, 98% and 98.5% of patients were referred for radiography in the intervention and control groups, respectively. During the intervention period, the mean proportions of patients referred for radiography by physicians was 78.9% in the intervention group and 99% in the control group (P=.03). Between preintervention and intervention periods, a relative reduction of 22.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.8%-24.9%) in radiography requests was observed in the intervention group, while requests increased by 0.5% (95% CI, 0%-1.4%) in the control group. During the postintervention period, the proportion of radiography requests in the intervention hospitals was lower than the proportion observed in the preintervention period (83.1% vs 98%).
Conclusions.
—Implementation of the Ottawa ankle rules significantly reduced radiography requests in French hospitals. Using a minimal postintervention implementation strategy, the effect of this intervention decreased but persisted after it was discontinued.
Author Affiliations
From the Délégation á l'Evaluation Médicale-Direction de la Prospective et de l'Information Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitauxitaux de Paris (Drs Auleley, Ravaud, and Durieux), the Departments of Biostatistics and Medical Computing (Mr Giraudeau) and Orthopedics (Dr Nizard), Saint-Louis Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Cochin Hospital (Dr Kerboull), Department of Orthopedics and Emergency Department,; Bichat Hospital (Dr Massin), Department of Orthopedics, Tenon Hospital (Dr Garreau de Loubresse), Paris, France; and Department of Medical Imaging, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France (Dr Vallée).
Footnotes
Reprints: Philippe Ravaud, MD, Service Evaluation Qualité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 3 Avenue Victoria, 75004 Paris, France (e-mail: philippe.ravaud@ cch.ap-hop-paris.fr).
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