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Evidence for a New Locus on Chromosome 12

Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, PhD; Meredyth P. Bass, MS; Larry H. Yamaoka, PhD; Perry C. Gaskell, PA-C; William K. Scott, PhD; Henry A. Terwedow, PhD; Marissa M. Menold, MS; P. Michael Conneally, PhD; Gary W. Small, MD; Jeffery M. Vance, PhD, MD; Ann M. Saunders, PhD; Allen D. Roses, MD; Jonathan L. Haines, PhD

JAMA. 1997;278(15):1237-1241.

Abstract
Context.
—Four genetic loci have been identified as contributing to Alzheimer disease (AD), including the amyloid precursor protein gene, the presenilin 1 gene, the presenilin 2 gene, and the apolipoprotein E gene, but do not account for all the genetic risk for AD.

Objective.
—To identify additional genetic risk factors for late-onset AD.

Design.
—A complete genomic screen was performed (N=280 markers). Critical values for chromosomal regional follow-up were a P value of.05 or less for affected relative pair analysis or sibpair analysis, a parametric lod score of 1.0 or greater, or both. Regional follow-up included analysis of additional markers and a second data set.

Setting.
—Clinic populations in the continental United States.

Patients.
—From a series of multiplex families affected with late-onset (60 years) AD ascertained during the last 14 years (National Insititute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association diagnostic criteria) and for which DNA has been obtained, a subset of 16 families (135 total family members, 52 of whom were patients with AD) was used for the genomic screen. A second subset of 38 families (216 total family members, 89 of whom were patients with AD) was used for the follow-up analysis.

Main Outcome Measures.
—Linkage analysis results generated using both genetic model-dependent (lod score) and model-independent methods.

Results.
—Fifteen chromosomal regions warranted initial follow-up. Follow-up analyses revealed 4 regions of continued interest on chromosomes 4,6,12, and 20, with the strongest results observed for chromosome 12. Peak 2-point affecteds-only lod scores (n=54) were 1.3,1.6, 2.7, and 2.2 and affected relative pairs P values (n=54) were.04.03.14, and.04 for D12S373, D12S1057, D12S1042, and D12S390, respectively. Sibpair analysis (n=54) resulted in maximum lod scores (MLSs) of 1.5,2.6,3.2, and 2.3 for these markers, with a peak multipoint MLS of 3.5. Apriori stratification by APOEgenotype identified 27 families that had at least 1 member with AD whose genotype did not contain an APOE*4 allele. Analysis of these 27 families resulted in MLSs of 1.0,2.4,3.7, and 3.3 and a peak multipoint MLS of 3.9.

Conclusions.
—A complete genomic screen in families affected with late-onset AD identified 4 regions of interest after follow-up. Chromosome 12 gave the strongest and most consistent results with a peak multipoint MLS of 3.5, suggesting that this region contains a new susceptibility gene for AD. Additional analyses are necessary to identify the chromosome 12 susceptibility gene for AD and to follow up the regions of interest on chromosomes 4, 6, and 20.

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Drs Pericak-Vance, Yamaoka, Scott, Vance, Saunders, and Roses, Mss Bass and Menold, and Mr Gaskell); Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (Drs Haines and Terwedow); Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis (Dr Conneally); and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Dr Small). Dr Haines is now with the Program in Human Genetics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.

Footnotes
Reprints: Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, PhD, Section of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3445, Durham, NC 27710 (e-mail: mpv@locus.mc.duke.edu).

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