Occupational therapy for independent-living older adults. A randomized controlled trial
F. Clark, S. P. Azen, R. Zemke, J. Jackson, M. Carlson, D. Mandel, J. Hay, K. Josephson, B. Cherry, C. Hessel, J. Palmer and L. Lipson
Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
CONTEXT: Preventive health programs may mitigate against the health risks
of older adulthood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of preventive
occupational therapy (OT) services specifically tailored for multiethnic,
independent-living older adults. Design.-A randomized controlled trial.
SETTING: Two government subsidized apartment complexes for
independent-living older adults. SUBJECTS: A total of 361 culturally
diverse volunteers aged 60 years or older. INTERVENTION: An OT group, a
social activity control group, and a nontreatment control group. The period
of treatment was 9 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A battery of
self-administered questionnaires designed to measure physical and social
function, self-rated health, life satisfaction, and depressive symptoms.
RESULTS: Benefit attributable to OT treatment was found for the quality of
interaction scale on the Functional Status Questionnaire (P=.03), Life
Satisfaction Index-Z (P=.03), Medical Outcomes Study Health Perception
Survey (P=.05), and for 7 of 8 scales on the RAND 36-Item Health Status
Survey, Short Form: bodily pain (P=.03), physical functioning (P=.008),
role limitations attributable to health problems (P=.02), vitality
(P=.004), social functioning (P=.05), role limitations attributable to
emotional problems (P=.05), and general mental health (P=.02). CONCLUSIONS:
Significant benefits for the OT preventive treatment group were found
across various health, function, and quality-of-life domains. Because the
control groups tended to decline over the study interval, our results
suggest that preventive health programs based on OT may mitigate against
the health risks of older adulthood.
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