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Donald Y. M. Leung, MD, PhD; Luis A. Diaz, MD; Vincent DeLeo, MD; Nicholas A. Soter, MD

JAMA. 1997;278(22):1914-1923.

Abstract
The skin represents a unique immunologic organ poised to protect the host from invading organisms and environmental antigens. The skin is also an important target for a variety of allergic and autoimmune responses. Mast cells are key to the pathogenesis of urticaria, angioedema, and mastocytosis. Atopic dermatitis is the consequence of an immunoregulatory abnormality resulting in a skindirected T helper type 2 response. Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of classic delayed type hypersensitivity. Circulating autoantibodies against the epidermis are a key mechanism by which bullous skin diseases occur.

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