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  Vol. 282 No. 17, November 3, 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Placental Abruption and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

Cande V. Ananth, PhD, MPH; Gertrud S. Berkowitz, PhD; David A. Savitz, PhD; Robert H. Lapinski, PhD

JAMA. 1999;282:1646-1651.

Context  Pregnancies complicated by abruption result in increased frequency of perinatal death and decreased fetal size and gestational duration, yet the extent of placental separation and its effect on these adverse outcomes is unknown.

Objective  To assess the contribution of placental abruption and extent of placental separation to stillbirth, preterm delivery, and fetal growth restriction.

Design  Hospital-based, retrospective cohort study.

Setting  Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, NY.

Participants  A total of 53,371 pregnancies occurring in 40,789 women who were delivered of singleton births between 1986 and 1996.

Main Outcome Measures  Risks and relative risks for stillbirth (>20 weeks), preterm delivery (<37 weeks), and fetal growth restriction (birth weight below 10th percentile for gestational age) in relation to abruption.

Results  The incidence of abruption was 1% (n = 530). Abruption was associated with an 8.9-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.0-13.0) adjusted relative risk (aRR) of stillbirth. Preterm birth proportions among women with and without abruption were 39.6% and 9.1%, respectively, yielding an aRR of 3.9 (95% CI, 3.5-4.4). In the abruption group, 14.3% of neonates were growth restricted, compared with 8.1% among all other births (aRR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.5-2.4). Extent of placental separation had a profound effect on stillbirth (aRR for 75% separation, 31.5; 95% CI, 17.0-58.4), although evident only among those with at least 50% separation. However, the risk of preterm delivery was substantially increased even for mild abruptions (aRR for 25% separation, 5.5; 95% CI, 4.2-7.3).

Conclusions  In this cohort, placental abruption had a profound impact on stillbirth, preterm delivery, and fetal growth restriction. The risk of stillbirth was dramatically increased for severe placental separation, but preterm delivery was common even among women with lesser degrees of placental separation.


Author Affiliations: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick (Dr Ananth); Departments of Community and Preventive Medicine (Dr Berkowitz) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (Dr Lapinski), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Dr Savitz).



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