This Article  • Full text  • PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on ISI (144)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Related article  • Similar articles in JAMA  Topic Collections  • Neurology  • Movement Disorders  • Parkinson Disease/ Parkinsonian Disorders  • Alert me on articles by topic  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

G. Webster Ross, MD; Robert D. Abbott, PhD; Helen Petrovitch, MD; David M. Morens, MD; Andrew Grandinetti, PhD; Ko-Hui Tung, MS; Caroline M. Tanner, MD, PhD; Kamal H. Masaki, MD; Patricia L. Blanchette, MD, MPH; J. David Curb, MD, MPH; Jordan S. Popper, MD; Lon R. White, MD, MPH

JAMA. 2000;283:2674-2679.

Context  The projected expansion in the next several decades of the elderly population at highest risk for Parkinson disease (PD) makes identification of factors that promote or prevent the disease an important goal.

Objective  To explore the association of coffee and dietary caffeine intake with risk of PD.

Design, Setting, and Participants  Data were analyzed from 30 years of follow-up of 8004 Japanese-American men (aged 45-68 years) enrolled in the prospective longitudinal Honolulu Heart Program between 1965 and 1968.

Main Outcome Measure  Incident PD, by amount of coffee intake (measured at study enrollment and 6-year follow-up) and by total dietary caffeine intake (measured at enrollment).

Results  During follow-up, 102 men were identified as having PD. Age-adjusted incidence of PD declined consistently with increased amounts of coffee intake, from 10.4 per 10,000 person-years in men who drank no coffee to 1.9 per 10,000 person-years in men who drank at least 28 oz/d (P<.001 for trend). Similar relationships were observed with total caffeine intake (P<.001 for trend) and caffeine from noncoffee sources (P=.03 for trend). Consumption of increasing amounts of coffee was also associated with lower risk of PD in men who were never, past, and current smokers at baseline (P=.049, P=.22, and P=.02, respectively, for trend). Other nutrients in coffee, including niacin, were unrelated to PD incidence. The relationship between caffeine and PD was unaltered by intake of milk and sugar.

Conclusions  Our findings indicate that higher coffee and caffeine intake is associated with a significantly lower incidence of PD. This effect appears to be independent of smoking. The data suggest that the mechanism is related to caffeine intake and not to other nutrients contained in coffee.

Author Affiliations: Department of Veterans Affairs, Honolulu, Hawaii (Drs Ross, Petrovitch, and White); Department of Medicine (Drs Ross, Abbott, Petrovitch, Masaki, Blanchette, Curb, White, and Popper) and Pacific Biomedical Research Center (Dr Grandinetti), University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Health Evaluation Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (Dr Abbott); Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu (Drs Ross, Abbott, Petrovitch, Masaki, Curb, and White and Ms Tung); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md (Dr Morens); The Parkinson's Institute, Sunnyvale, Calif (Dr Tanner); Kuakini Medical Center/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, Honolulu (Drs Ross, Abbott, Petrovitch, Masaki, Blanchette, Curb, White, and Popper); and University of Hawaii School of Public Health, Honolulu (Ms Tung).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati     What's this?

RELATED ARTICLE

May 24, 2000
JAMA. 2000;283(20):2729-2730.
EXTRACT | FULL TEXT  

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

The scientific and clinical basis for the treatment of Parkinson disease (2009)
Olanow et al.
Neurology 2009;72:S1-S136.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Uncovering multiple molecular targets for caffeine using a drug target validation strategy combining A2A receptor knockout mice with microarray profiling
Yu et al.
Physiol. Genomics 2009;37:199-210.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Plasma Urate and Parkinson's Disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Chen et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2009;169:1064-1069.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Caffeine Stimulates Cytochrome Oxidase Expression and Activity in the Striatum in a Sexually Dimorphic Manner
Jones et al.
Mol. Pharmacol. 2008;74:673-684.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Differential Effects of Black versus Green Tea on Risk of Parkinson's Disease in the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Tan et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:553-560.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Adenosine A2A Receptors in Bone Marrow-Derived Cells But Not in Forebrain Neurons Are Important Contributors to 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Striatal Damage as Revealed by Cell-Type-Selective Inactivation.
Huang et al.
J. Neurosci. 2006;26:11371-11378.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Tail of Two Signals: The C Terminus of the A2A-Adenosine Receptor Recruits Alternative Signaling Pathways
Gsandtner and Freissmuth
Mol. Pharmacol. 2006;70:447-449.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Estrogen Prevents Neuroprotection by Caffeine in the Mouse 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Model of Parkinson's Disease
Xu et al.
J. Neurosci. 2006;26:535-541.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Excessive daytime sleepiness and subsequent development of Parkinson disease
Abbott et al.
Neurology 2005;65:1442-1446.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Evidence-based toxicology: a comprehensive framework for causation
Guzelian et al.
Hum Exp Toxicol 2005;24:161-201.
ABSTRACT  

Consumption of milk and calcium in midlife and the future risk of Parkinson disease
Park et al.
Neurology 2005;64:1047-1051.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Parkinson's disease: the first common neurological disease due to auto-intoxication?
Williams et al.
QJM 2005;98:215-226.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coffee Consumption, Gender, and Parkinson's Disease Mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study II Cohort: The Modifying Effects of Estrogen
Ascherio et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2004;160:977-984.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Caffeine as a Neuroprotective Adenosine Receptor Antagonist
Dall'Igna et al.
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2004;38:717-718.
FULL TEXT  

Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Middle-aged Finnish Men and Women
Tuomilehto et al.
JAMA 2004;291:1213-1219.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Receptor heteromerization in adenosine A2A receptor signaling: Relevance for striatal function and Parkinson's disease
Fuxe et al.
Neurology 2003;61:S19-23.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Caffeinated clues from epidemiology of Parkinson's disease
Ascherio and Chen
Neurology 2003;61:S51-54.
FULL TEXT  

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and the Risk of Parkinson Disease
Chen et al.
Arch Neurol 2003;60:1059-1064.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Parkinsonian signs in older people: Prevalence and associations with smoking and coffee
Louis et al.
Neurology 2003;61:24-28.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Update on Parkinson Disease
Siderowf and Stern
ANN INTERN MED 2003;138:651-658.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Caffeine, postmenopausal estrogen, and risk of Parkinson's disease
Ascherio et al.
Neurology 2003;60:790-795.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Survival Study of Parkinson Disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Elbaz et al.
Arch Neurol 2003;60:91-96.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Smoking and PD in twins
Allam et al.
Neurology 2002;59:1821-1822.
FULL TEXT  

Coffee Consumption and Cognitive Function among Older Adults
Johnson-Kozlow et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:842-850.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Plantation Work and Risk of Parkinson Disease in a Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Petrovitch et al.
Arch Neurol 2002;59:1787-1792.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Midlife adiposity and the future risk of Parkinson's disease
Abbott et al.
Neurology 2002;59:1051-1057.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine May Attenuate MPTP Neurotoxicity through Dual Actions of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition and A2A Receptor Antagonism
Chen et al.
J. Biol. Chem. 2002;277:36040-36044.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Caffeinated clues and the promise of adenosine A2A antagonists in PD
Schwarzschild et al.
Neurology 2002;58:1154-1160.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Parkinson's Disease Risks Associated with Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Caffeine Intake
Checkoway et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2002;155:732-738.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Smoking and Parkinson's disease in twins
Tanner et al.
Neurology 2002;58:581-588.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Frequency of bowel movements and the future risk of Parkinson's disease
Abbott et al.
Neurology 2001;57:456-462.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

An algorithm (decision tree) for the management of Parkinson's disease (2001):: Treatment
Olanow et al.
Neurology 2001;56:S1-S88.
FULL TEXT  

Smoking, alcohol, and coffee consumption preceding Parkinson's disease
Deleu et al.
Neurology 2001;56:984-985.
FULL TEXT  

Molecular Mechanisms Controlling the Rate and Specificity of Catechol O-Methylation by Human Soluble Catechol O-Methyltransferase
Lautala et al.
Mol. Pharmacol. 2001;59:393-402.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Smoking, alcohol, and coffee consumption preceding Parkinson's disease: A case-control study
Benedetti et al.
Neurology 2000;55:1350-1358.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relationship Between Caffeine Intake and Parkinson Disease
Honig et al.
JAMA 2000;284:1378-1379.
FULL TEXT  

Coffee, Tea, and Risk for PD
JWatch Neurology 2000;2000:5-5.
FULL TEXT  

General Medicine: Caffeine Associated with Reduced Parkinson's Disease Risk
JWatch Psychiatry 2000;2000:12-12.
FULL TEXT  

Caffeine Associated with Reduced Parkinson's Disease Risk
JWatch General 2000;2000:6-6.
FULL TEXT  

Neuroprotection by Caffeine and A2A Adenosine Receptor Inactivation in a Model of Parkinson's Disease
Chen et al.
J. Neurosci. 2001;21:RC143-RC143.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT