You are seeing this message because your Web browser does not support basic Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing and what you can do to make your experience on this site better.


ABOUT JAMA
Advanced Search

Welcome   | My Account | E-mail Alerts | Access Rights | Sign In


  Vol. 284 No. 2, July 12, 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS
  JAMA
  •  Online Features
  Special Communication
 This Article
 •Full text
 •PDF
 •Send to a friend
 • Save in My Folder
 •Save to citation manager
 •Permissions
 Citing Articles
 •Citation map
 •Citing articles on HighWire
 •Citing articles on ISI (69)
 •Contact me when this article is cited
 Related Content
 •Related article
 •Similar articles in JAMA
 Topic Collections
 •HIV/AIDS
 •Drug Therapy, Other
 •Immunologic Disorders
 •Alert me on articles by topic

Current Evidence and Future Directions for Targeting HIV Entry

Therapeutic and Prophylactic Strategies

M. Patricia D'Souza, PhD; J. Scott Cairns, PhD; Susan F. Plaeger, PhD

JAMA. 2000;284:215-222.

Great strides have been made in developing potent antiretroviral regimens that block human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transcription and assembly. Despite these therapeutic advances, problems of drug resistance, latent viral reservoirs, and drug-induced toxic effects that compromise effective viral control point to the need for new classes of anti-HIV drugs with different modes of action. One promising approach involves blocking HIV entry into human cells, a complex process that involves multiple protein interactions. The process of HIV entry begins with binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein to both the CD4 receptor and one of several chemokine receptors and ends with fusion of viral and cell membranes. Conceptually, there are 3 steps in the HIV entry process that could serve as therapeutic targets: binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein with the CD4 receptor, binding of the envelope-CD4 complex to chemokine receptors, and fusion of the viral and cell membranes. Preclinical and clinical assessment of these entry inhibitors is ongoing and will determine if they possess properties required for drug licensure. Moreover, the worldwide epidemic is largely occurring in developing countries that cannot afford these drugs: a prophylactic vaccine is necessary and urgent. New knowledge of the HIV-envelope glycoprotein has also provided insight into possibilities for the design of novel HIV vaccines.


Author Affiliations: Branches of Vaccine Clinical Research (Dr D'Souza), Targeted Interventions (Dr Cairns), and Pathogenesis and Basic Sciences (Dr Plaeger), Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.


RELATED ARTICLE

July 12, 2000
JAMA. 2000;284(2):249-250.
EXTRACT | FULL TEXT  


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Structural Basis of CXCR4 Sulfotyrosine Recognition by the Chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12
Veldkamp et al.
Sci Signal 2008;1:ra4-ra4.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Analysis of Binding Sites for the New Small-Molecule CCR5 Antagonist TAK-220 on Human CCR5
Nishikawa et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2005;49:4708-4715.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Nonpathogenic, Environmental Fungi Induce Activation and Degranulation of Human Eosinophils
Inoue et al.
J. Immunol. 2005;175:5439-5447.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The monomer-dimer equilibrium of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL 12) is altered by pH, phosphate, sulfate, and heparin
Veldkamp et al.
Protein Sci. 2005;14:1071-1081.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

High Level of Coreceptor-independent HIV Transfer Induced by Contacts between Primary CD4 T Cells
Blanco et al.
J. Biol. Chem. 2004;279:51305-51314.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Lack of Enzyme-Inducing Effect of Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetics of Enfuvirtide
Boyd et al.
J Clin Pharmacol 2003;43:1382-1391.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Biochemical and Genetic Characterizations of a Novel Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Inhibitor That Blocks gp120-CD4 Interactions
Guo et al.
J. Virol. 2003;77:10528-10536.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Protein grafting of an HIV-1-inhibiting epitope
Sia and Kim
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003;100:9756-9761.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

High Throughput Screening for Cyanovirin-N Mimetics Binding to HIV-1 gp4l
Beutler et al.
J Biomol Screen 2002;7:105-110.
ABSTRACT  

Interferon-{alpha} as an immunotherapeutic protein
Brassard et al.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 2002;71:565-581.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Biochemical and Biological Characterization of a Dodecameric CD4-Ig Fusion Protein. IMPLICATIONS FOR THERAPEUTIC AND VACCINE STRATEGIES
Arthos et al.
J. Biol. Chem. 2002;277:11456-11464.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Interleukin-8 Stimulates Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication and Is a Potential New Target for Antiretroviral Therapy
Lane et al.
J. Virol. 2001;75:8195-8202.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Protein Design of an HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor
Root et al.
Science 2001;291:884-888.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Antiretroviral Resistance: Mechanisms, Detection and Clinical Implications
Sharma
Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2000;13:442-456.
ABSTRACT  





HOME | CURRENT ISSUE | PAST ISSUES | TOPIC COLLECTIONS | CME | SUBMIT | SUBSCRIBE | HELP
CONDITIONS OF USE | PRIVACY POLICY | CONTACT US | SITE MAP
 
© 2000 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.