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Linda G. Griffith, PhD; Alan J. Grodzinsky, ScD

JAMA. 2001;285:556-561.

The most visible contributions of biomedical engineering to clinical practice involve instrumentation for diagnosis, therapy, and rehabilitation. Cell and tissue engineering also have emerged as clinical realities. In the next 25 years, advances in electronics, optics, materials, and miniaturization will accelerate development of more sophisticated devices for diagnosis and therapy, such as imaging and virtual surgery. The emerging new field of bioengineering—engineering based in the science of molecular cell biology—will greatly expand the scope of biomedical engineering to tackle challenges in molecular and genomic medicine.

Author Affiliations: Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health, Departments of Electrical (Dr Grodzinsky), Mechanical (Dr Grodzinsky), and Chemical Engineering (Dr Griffith), Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

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