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Laura E. Niklason, MD, PhD; Robert Langer, ScD

JAMA. 2001;285:573-576.

Damage or loss of a tissue or organ is common, costly, and tragic. Advances in mechanical artificial organs and organ transplantation have improved the treatment of organ failure, and advances in molecular immunology, tissue engineering, and stem cell biology offer the promise of even better therapeutic modalities for treating organ failure in the future. Enhancement of immune tolerance of transplanted tissues, improved understanding of cellular differentiation and tissue development, and advances in biomaterials may enable the de novo creation of implantable tissue and organs for transplantation. Innovative techniques for prevention and treatment of tissue loss and organ failure should improve the quality and length of life.

Author Affiliations: Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Anesthesia, Duke University, Durham, NC (Dr Niklason); Department of Chemical Engineering, Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health, and the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Mass (Dr Langer).

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