This Article  • Full text  • PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on Web of Science (535)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in JAMA  Topic Collections  • Bacterial Infections  • Infectious Diseases  • Alert me on articles by topic  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Timothy S. Naimi, MD, MPH; Kathleen H. LeDell, MPH, RN; Kathryn Como-Sabetti, MPH; Stephanie M. Borchardt, MPH; David J. Boxrud, MS; Jerome Etienne, MD, PhD; Susan K. Johnson, BS; Francois Vandenesch, MD, PhD; Scott Fridkin, MD; Carol O'Boyle, PhD, RN; Richard N. Danila, PhD, MPH; Ruth Lynfield, MD

JAMA. 2003;290:2976-2984.

Context  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has traditionally been considered a health care–associated pathogen in patients with established risk factors. However, MRSA has emerged in patients without established risk factors (community-associated MRSA).

Objective  To characterize epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of community-associated MRSA cases compared with health care–associated MRSA cases.

Design, Setting, and Patients  Prospective cohort study of patients with MRSA infection identified at 12 Minnesota laboratory facilities from January 1 through December 31, 2000, comparing community-associated (median age, 23 years) with health care–associated (median age, 68 years) MRSA cases.

Main Outcome Measures  Clinical infections associated with either community-associated or health care–associated MRSA, microbiological characteristics of the MRSA isolates including susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and staphylococcal exotoxin gene testing.

Results  Of 1100 MRSA infections, 131 (12%) were community-associated and 937 (85%) were health care–associated; 32 (3%) could not be classified due to lack of information. Skin and soft tissue infections were more common among community-associated cases (75%) than among health care–associated cases (37%) (odds ratio [OR], 4.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.97-5.90). Although community-associated MRSA isolates were more likely to be susceptible to 4 antimicrobial classes (adjusted OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.35-3.86), most community-associated infections were initially treated with antimicrobials to which the isolate was nonsusceptible. Community-associated isolates were also more likely to belong to 1 of 2 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clonal groups in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Community-associated isolates typically possessed different exotoxin gene profiles (eg, Panton Valentine leukocidin genes) compared with health care–associated isolates.

Conclusions  Community-associated and health care–associated MRSA cases differ demographically and clinically, and their respective isolates are microbiologically distinct. This suggests that most community-associated MRSA strains did not originate in health care settings, and that their microbiological features may have contributed to their emergence in the community. Clinicians should be aware that therapy with -lactam antimicrobials can no longer be relied on as the sole empiric therapy for severely ill outpatients whose infections may be staphylococcal in origin.

Author Affiliations: Acute Disease Investigation and Control Section (Drs Naimi, O'Boyle, Danila, and Lynfield and Mss LeDell, Como-Sabetti, and Borchardt) and Division of Public Health Laboratories (Mr Boxrud and Ms Johnson), Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis; French Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Lyon, France (Drs Etienne and Vandenesch); and Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases (Dr Fridkin) and Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office (Dr Naimi), National Center for Chronic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

MRSA as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia
Nakou et al.
Eur Respir J 2009;34:1013-1014.
FULL TEXT  

What is MRSA?
Pantosti and Venditti
Eur Respir J 2009;34:1190-1196.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Epidemiology and Susceptibilities of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Northeastern Ohio
Delorme et al.
Am J Clin Pathol 2009;132:668-677.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clinical Importance of Purulence in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Crawford et al.
J Am Board Fam Med 2009;22:647-654.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Including MRSA on Environmental Surfaces in a Jail Setting
Felkner et al.
J Correct Health Care 2009;15:310-317.
ABSTRACT  

Activity of Telavancin against Staphylococci and Enterococci Determined by MIC and Resistance Selection Studies
Kosowska-Shick et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2009;53:4217-4224.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Comparison of Fingerprinting Methods for Typing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 398
Rasschaert et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009;47:3313-3322.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Colonization by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Adults in Community Settings in Taiwan
Wang et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009;47:2957-2963.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The changing epidemiology of resistance
Hawkey and Jones
J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;64:i3-i10.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated in Finland in 2004 to 2006
Kanerva et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009;47:2655-2657.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

In Vitro Activity of TR-700, the Active Ingredient of the Antibacterial Prodrug TR-701, a Novel Oxazolidinone Antibacterial Agent
Schaadt et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2009;53:3236-3239.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Health Care-Associated Native Valve Endocarditis: Importance of Non-nosocomial Acquisition
Benito et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2009;150:586-594.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Staphylococcal Interspersed Repeat Unit Typing of Staphylococcus aureus: Evaluation of a New Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis Typing Method
Conceicao et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009;47:1300-1308.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

High Levels of mecA DNA Detected by a Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay Are Associated with Mortality in Patients with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Ho et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009;47:1443-1451.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Changes in the agr Locus Affect Enteritis Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Sugiyama et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009;47:1528-1535.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Serologic Assay To Quantify Human Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to the Staphylococcus aureus Iron Surface Determinant B Antigen
Raedler et al.
CVI 2009;16:739-748.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft-Tissue Infection in HIV-Infected Patients
Trinh et al.
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill) 2009;8:176-180.
ABSTRACT  

Presence and Molecular Epidemiology of Virulence Factors in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Colonizing and Infecting Soldiers
Ellis et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009;47:940-945.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prevalence of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Goodrich et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009;47:1231-1233.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clinical Presentation, Etiology, and Outcome of Infective Endocarditis in the 21st Century: The International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study
Murdoch et al.
Arch Intern Med 2009;169:463-473.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Skin Conditions in the Athlete
Pecci et al.
Am J Sports Med 2009;37:406-418.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Epidural Abscess With Bacteremia and Multiple Lung Abscesses: Case Report
Bruns and Sood
Am J Crit Care 2009;18:86-88.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Emergence of and Risk Factors for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus of Community Origin in Intensive Care Nurseries
Seybold et al.
Pediatrics 2008;122:1039-1046.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Two Different Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Phage Lineages Predominate in Japan
Ma et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2008;46:3246-3258.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Predominance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Pathogens Causing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in a Large Urban Jail: Risk Factors and Recurrence Rates
David et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2008;46:3222-3227.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Management and Treatment Considerations for Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Wargo et al.
Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2008;21:324-336.
ABSTRACT  

Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 273 exfoliative toxin-encoding-gene-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with impetigo in Japan
Nakaminami et al.
J Med Microbiol 2008;57:1251-1258.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Associations between the Genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Isolates and Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Bacteremic Patients
Lalani et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2008;46:2890-2896.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Microbiological and Genotypic Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
McCalla et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2008;52:3441-3443.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cefoxitin disc diffusion test for detection of meticillin-resistant staphylococci
Jain et al.
J Med Microbiol 2008;57:957-961.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Daptomycin non-susceptible meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA 300 isolate
Murthy et al.
J Med Microbiol 2008;57:1036-1038.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

National Trends in Ambulatory Visits and Antibiotic Prescribing for Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections
Hersh et al.
Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1585-1591.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Complex Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates From Children With Cystic Fibrosis in the Era of Epidemic Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant S aureus
Glikman et al.
Chest 2008;133:1381-1387.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Guidelines for UK practice for the diagnosis and management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections presenting in the community
Nathwani et al.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;61:976-994.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Emergence and Dissemination of a Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Panton-Valentine Leucocidin-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Clone Sharing the Sequence Type 5 Lineage with the Most Prevalent Nosocomial Clone in the Same Region of Argentina
Sola et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2008;46:1826-1831.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Bugs versus drugs: Addressing the pharmacist's challenge
Burgess and Rapp
Am J Health Syst Pharm 2008;65:S4-S15.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Staphylococcus aureus: The new adventures of a legendary pathogen
REHM
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 2008;75:177-192.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Positive Surgical Site Infections in Face-lift Surgery
Zoumalan and Rosenberg
Arch Facial Plast Surg 2008;10:116-123.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Determining Whether Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Is Associated With Health Care
David et al.
JAMA 2008;299:519-519.
FULL TEXT  

Etiology and treatment of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Herman et al.
Am J Health Syst Pharm 2008;65:219-225.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An Emerging Pathogen in Orthopaedics
Marcotte and Trzeciak
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2008;16:98-106.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Genotypic Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from a Multinational Trial of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections
Campbell et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2008;46:678-684.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Truth About "The Superbug," Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: What the Practicing Clinician Needs to Know
Tan
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008;162:183-184.
FULL TEXT  

The Modified APACHE II Score Outperforms Curb65 Pneumonia Severity Score as a Predictor of 30-Day Mortality in Patients With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia*
Kollef et al.
Chest 2008;133:363-369.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A 39-Year-Old Man With a Skin Infection
Moellering
JAMA 2008;299:79-87.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Trends in Prescribing -Lactam Antibiotics for Treatment of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections
Gupta et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007;45:3930-3934.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization among Taiwanese Children in 2005 and 2006
Huang et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007;45:3992-3995.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A survey of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Korea
Kim et al.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;60:1108-1114.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Antistaphylococcal Activity of CG400549, a New Experimental FabI Inhibitor, Compared with That of Other Agents
Bogdanovich et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007;51:4191-4195.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Cephalexin for Treatment of Uncomplicated Skin Abscesses in a Population at Risk for Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Rajendran et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007;51:4044-4048.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in the United States
Klevens et al.
JAMA 2007;298:1763-1771.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Evidence-based approach to abscess management
Korownyk and Allan
cfp 2007;53:1680-1684.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage Rate in Texas County Jail Inmates
Felkner et al.
J Correct Health Care 2007;13:289-295.
ABSTRACT  

Tetracyclines as an Oral Treatment Option for Patients with Community Onset Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Ruhe and Menon
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007;51:3298-3303.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from a 2005 Clinical Trial of Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections
Jones et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007;51:3381-3384.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Characterization of Community-Acquired Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Children
Johnson et al.
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2007;41:1361-1367.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Considerations for School Nurses
Alex and Letizia
The Journal of School Nursing 2007;23:210-213.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sporadic "Transitional" Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains from Health Care Facilities in the United States
Brady et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007;45:2654-2661.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Daum
NEJM 2007;357:380-390.
FULL TEXT  

Early Switch From Vancomycin to Oral Linezolid for Treatment of Gram-Positive Heart Valve Endocarditis
Colli et al.
Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2007;84:87-91.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Probability of Target Attainment for Ceftobiprole as Derived from a Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of 150 Subjects
Lodise et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007;51:2378-2387.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Efficacy of Telavancin in the Treatment of Experimental Endocarditis Due to Glycopeptide-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus
Miro et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007;51:2373-2377.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Assay Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
Tenover et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007;45:2215-2219.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Epidemiology and Outcomes of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Davis et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007;45:1705-1711.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Epidemiologic Distribution of the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element among Selected Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
Goering et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007;45:1981-1984.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

StaphPlex System for Rapid and Simultaneous Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Detection of Staphylococci from Positive Blood Cultures
Tang et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007;45:1867-1873.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections at a Public Hospital: Do Public Housing and Incarceration Amplify Transmission?
Hota et al.
Arch Intern Med 2007;167:1026-1033.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Rapid Bactericidal Activity of Daptomycin against Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Peritonitis in Mice as Measured with Bioluminescent Bacteria
Mortin et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007;51:1787-1794.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Men Who Have Sex With Men in New York City
Shastry et al.
Arch Intern Med 2007;167:854-857.
FULL TEXT  

Effect of Antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus Producing Panton-Valentine Leukocidin
Dumitrescu et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007;51:1515-1519.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Comparison of four chromogenic media for culture-based screening of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Cherkaoui et al.
J Med Microbiol 2007;56:500-503.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Genetic relatedness between methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: results of a national survey
Hallin et al.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;59:465-472.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones
Moroney et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007;45:1019-1021.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Treatment and Outcomes of Infections by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at an Ambulatory Clinic
Szumowski et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007;51:423-428.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Rapid Multiplex PCR Assay for Identification of USA300 Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
Bonnstetter et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007;45:141-146.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Analysis of Empiric Antimicrobial Strategies for Cellulitis in the Era of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Phillips et al.
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2007;41:13-20.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Longitudinal Study of the Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a University Hospital
Petersdorf et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006;44:4297-4302.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Molecular Characteristics and In Vitro Susceptibility to Antimicrobial Agents, Including the Des-Fluoro(6) Quinolone DX-619, of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Community and Hospitals
Yamamoto et al.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2006;50:4077-4086.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Predominance of Clones Carrying Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Genes among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated in Japanese Hospitals from 1979 to 1985
Ma et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006;44:4515-4527.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Types of, as Well as Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Occurrence among, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Children and Adults in Middle Tennessee
Kilic et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006;44:4436-4440.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Skin infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus presenting as insect or spider bites.
Segarra-Newnham
Am J Health Syst Pharm 2006;63:2046-2048.
FULL TEXT  

Increased Isolation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pediatric Head and Neck Abscesses.
Ossowski et al.
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;132:1176-1181.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Inappropriate Antibiotic Use in Soft Tissue Infections
Paydar et al.
Arch Surg 2006;141:850-856.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Infections among Patients in the Emergency Department.
Moran et al.
NEJM 2006;355:666-674.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

New Staphylococcus aureus Genotyping Method Based on Exotoxin (set) Genes.
Aguiar-Alves et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006;44:2728-2732.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Among Healthy Newborns--Chicago and Los Angeles County, 2004
JAMA 2006;296:36-38.
FULL TEXT  

Comparisons of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Hospital-Associated MSRA Infections in Sacramento, California.
Huang et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006;44:2423-2427.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prevalence of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance among Community- and Hospital-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Isolates.
Patel et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006;44:2481-2484.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Antimicrobial Agent of Susceptibilities and Antiseptic Resistance Gene Distribution among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Patients with Impetigo and Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome.
Noguchi et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006;44:2119-2125.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: New Bug, Old Drugs
Sabol et al.
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2006;40:1125-1133.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA 300 clone as the predominant cause of skin and soft-tissue infections.
King et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2006;144:309-317.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT