 |
|
Long-term Efficacy of BCG Vaccine in American Indians and Alaska Natives
A 60-Year Follow-up Study
Naomi E. Aronson, MD;
Mathuram Santosham, MD, MPH;
George W. Comstock, MD, DrPH;
Robin S. Howard, MA;
Lawrence H. Moulton, PhD;
Everett R. Rhoades, MD;
Lee H. Harrison, MD
JAMA. 2004;291:2086-2091.
Context The duration of protection from tuberculosis of BCG vaccines is not known.
Objective To determine the long-term duration of protection of a BCG vaccine that was previously found to be efficacious.
Design Retrospective record review using Indian Health Service records, tuberculosis registries, death certificates, and supplemental interviews with trial participants.
Setting and Participants Follow-up for the period 1948-1998 among American Indians and Alaska Natives who participated in a placebo-controlled BCG vaccine trial during 1935-1938 and who were still at risk of developing tuberculosis. Data from 1483 participants in the BCG vaccine group and 1309 in the placebo group were analyzed.
Main Outcome Measures Efficacy of BCG vaccine, calculated for each 10-year interval using a Cox regression model with time-dependent variables based on tuberculosis events occurring after December 31, 1947 (end of prospective case finding).
Results The overall incidence of tuberculosis was 66 and 138 cases per 100 000 person-years in the BCG vaccine and placebo groups, respectively, for an estimate of vaccine efficacy of 52% (95% confidence interval, 27%-69%). Adjustments for age at vaccination, tribe, subsequent BCG vaccination, chronic medical illness, isoniazid use, and bacille Calmette-Guérin strain did not substantially affect vaccine efficacy. There was slight but not statistically significant waning of the efficacy of BCG vaccination over time, greater among men than women.
Conclusion In this trial, BCG vaccine efficacy persisted for 50 to 60 years, suggesting that a single dose of an effective BCG vaccine can have a long duration of protection.
Author Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (Dr Aronson); Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service (Dr Aronson), and Department of Clinical Investigation (Ms Howard), Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC; Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Health (Dr Santosham) and Departments of Epidemiology (Dr Comstock) and International Health (Dr Moulton), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md; Native American Prevention Research Center, University of Oklahoma College of Public Health, Oklahoma City (Dr Rhoades); and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (Dr Harrison).
RELATED ARTICLE
A Booster for Tuberculosis Vaccines
Christopher Dye
JAMA. 2004;291(17):2127-2128.
EXTRACT
| FULL TEXT
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Bibliography of Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles
Am J Epidemiol 2008;0:kwn247v1-kwn247.
Self-Reported Tuberculosis Disease and Tuberculin Skin Testing in the New York City House Ballroom Community
Marks et al.
Am. J. Public Health 2008;98:1068-1073.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Immune Function in Young Children With Previous Pulmonary or Miliary/Meningeal Tuberculosis and Impact of BCG Vaccination
Sterling et al.
Pediatrics 2007;120:e912-e921.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
The Fight Against Tuberculosis
Scheindlin
Mol. Interv. 2006;6:124-130.
FULL TEXT
American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: Controlling Tuberculosis in the United States
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005;172:1169-1227.
FULL TEXT
Vaccines for Tuberculosis: Novel Concepts and Recent Progress
Doherty and Andersen
Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2005;18:687-702.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
The dream of a vaccine against tuberculosis; new vaccines improving or replacing BCG?
Martin
Eur Respir J 2005;26:162-167.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Vaccination of Cattle with a CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide-Formulated Mycobacterial Protein Vaccine and Mycobacterium bovis BCG Induces Levels of Protection against Bovine Tuberculosis Superior to Those Induced by Vaccination with BCG Alone
Wedlock et al.
Infect. Immun. 2005;73:3540-3546.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
BCG provides protection for a lifetime
Boyd
Thorax 2004;59:724-724.
FULL TEXT
BCG Vaccine Efficacy Just Keeps Going and Going
JWatch Emergency Med. 2004;2004:8-8.
FULL TEXT
60-Year Trial Demonstrates Prolonged BCG Efficacy
Journal Watch Dermatology 2004;2004:8-8.
FULL TEXT
60-Year Trial Demonstrates Prolonged BCG Efficacy
JWatch General 2004;2004:4-4.
FULL TEXT
BCG Vaccine Efficacy Lasts 60 Years
JWatch Infect. Diseases 2004;2004:2-2.
FULL TEXT
A Booster for Tuberculosis Vaccines
Dye
JAMA 2004;291:2127-2128.
FULL TEXT
|
