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A Randomized Controlled Trial

Benjamin Chun-Yu Wong, MD; Shiu Kum Lam, MD; Wai Man Wong, MD; Jian Shun Chen, MD; Ting Ting Zheng, MD; Rui E. Feng, MD; Kam Chuen Lai, MD; Wayne Hsing Cheng Hu, MD; Siu Tsan Yuen, MD; Suet Yi Leung, MD; Daniel Yee Tak Fong, PhD; Joanna Ho, MD; Chi Kong Ching, MD; Jun Shi Chen, MD; for the China Gastric Cancer Study Group

JAMA. 2004;291:187-194.

Context  Although chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastric cancer, the effect of H pylori treatment on prevention of gastric cancer development in chronic carriers is unknown.

Objective  To determine whether treatment of H pylori infection reduces the incidence of gastric cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants  Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, population-based primary prevention study of 1630 healthy carriers of H pylori infection from Fujian Province, China, recruited in July 1994 and followed up until January 2002. A total of 988 participants did not have precancerous lesions (gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, or gastric dysplasia) on study entry.

Intervention  Patients were randomly assigned to receive H pylori eradication treatment: a 2-week course of omeprazole, 20 mg, a combination product of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium, 750 mg, and metronidazole, 400 mg, all twice daily (n = 817); or placebo (n = 813).

Main Outcome Measures  The primary outcome measure was incidence of gastric cancer during follow-up, compared between H pylori eradication and placebo groups. The secondary outcome measure was incidence of gastric cancer in patients with or without precancerous lesions, compared between the 2 groups.

Results  Among the 18 new cases of gastric cancers that developed, no overall reduction was observed in participants who received H pylori eradication treatment (n = 7) compared with those who did not (n = 11) (P = .33). In a subgroup of patients with no precancerous lesions on presentation, no patient developed gastric cancer during a follow-up of 7.5 years after H pylori eradication treatment compared with those who received placebo (0 vs 6; P = .02). Smoking (hazard ratio [HR], 6.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-16.5; P<.001) and older age (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.15; P<.001) were independent risk factors for the development of gastric cancer in this cohort.

Conclusions  We found that the incidence of gastric cancer development at the population level was similar between participants receiving H pylori eradication treatment and those receiving placebo during a period of 7.5 years in a high-risk region of China. In the subgroup of H pylori carriers without precancerous lesions, eradication of H pylori significantly decreased the development of gastric cancer. Further studies to investigate the role of H pylori eradication in participants with precancerous lesions are warranted.

Author Affiliations: Departments of Medicine (Drs B. C.-Y. Wong, Lam, W. M. Wong, Zheng, Feng, Lai, Hu, and Ching) and Pathology (Drs Yuen, Leung, and Ho) and Clinical Trials Centre (Dr Fong), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Changle Institute for Cancer Research, Fujian, China (Dr Jian Shun Chen); and Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China (Dr Jun Shi Chen).

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