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A Randomized Controlled Trial

Bernard R. Chaitman, MD; Carl J. Pepine, MD; John O. Parker, MD ; MUDr Jaroslav Skopal; Galina Chumakova, MD; Jerzy Kuch, MD; Whedy Wang, PhD; Sandra L. Skettino, MD; Andrew A. Wolff, MD; for the Combination Assessment of Ranolazine In Stable Angina (CARISA) Investigators

JAMA. 2004;291:309-316.

Context  Many patients with chronic angina experience anginal episodes despite revascularization and antianginal medications. In a previous trial, antianginal monotherapy with ranolazine, a drug believed to partially inhibit fatty acid oxidation, increased treadmill exercise performance; however, its long-term efficacy and safety have not been studied in combination with -blockers or calcium antagonists in a large patient population with severe chronic angina.

Objectives  To determine whether, at trough levels, ranolazine improves the total exercise time of patients who have symptoms of chronic angina and who experience angina and ischemia at low workloads despite taking standard doses of atenolol, amlodipine, or diltiazem and to determine times to angina onset and to electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia, effect on angina attacks and nitroglycerin use, and effect on long-term survival in an open-label observational study extension.

Design, Setting, and Patients  A randomized, 3-group parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 823 eligible adults with symptomatic chronic angina who were randomly assigned to receive placebo or 1 of 2 doses of ranolazine. Patients treated at the 118 participating ambulatory outpatient settings in several countries were enrolled in the Combination Assessment of Ranolazine In Stable Angina (CARISA) trial from July 1999 to August 2001 and followed up through October 31, 2002.

Intervention  Patients received twice-daily placebo or 750 mg or 1000 mg of ranolazine. Treadmill exercise 12 hours (trough) and 4 hours (peak) after dosing was assessed after 2, 6 (trough only), and 12 weeks of treatment.

Main Outcome Measures  Change in exercise duration, time to onset of angina, time to onset of ischemia, nitroglycerin use, and number of angina attacks.

Results  Trough exercise duration increased by 115.6 seconds from baseline in both ranolazine groups (pooled) vs 91.7 seconds in the placebo group (P = .01). The times to angina and to electrocardiographic ischemia also increased in the ranolazine groups, at peak more than at trough. The increases did not depend on changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or background antianginal therapy and persisted throughout 12 weeks. Ranolazine reduced angina attacks and nitroglycerin use by about 1 per week vs placebo (P<.02). Survival of 750 patients taking ranolazine during the CARISA trial or its associated long-term open-label study was 98.4% in the first year and 95.9% in the second year.

Conclusion  Twice-daily doses of ranolazine increased exercise capacity and provided additional antianginal relief to symptomatic patients with severe chronic angina taking standard doses of atenolol, amlodipine, or diltiazem, without evident adverse, long-term survival consequences over 1 to 2 years of therapy.

Author Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (Dr Chaitman); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville (Dr Pepine); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario (Dr Parker); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hospital Na Frantisku, Prague, Czech Republic (Dr Skopal); Department of Preventive Cardiology, Altay State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia (Dr Chumakova); Department of Cardiology, Medical Academy Hospital, Warsaw, Poland (Dr Kuch); CV Therapeutics, Palo Alto, Calif (Drs Wang, Skettino, and Wolff).

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