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Effects of Systematic Prone Positioning in Hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure
A Randomized Controlled Trial
Claude Guerin, MD;
Sandrine Gaillard, MD;
Stephane Lemasson, MD;
Louis Ayzac, MD;
Raphaele Girard, MD;
Pascal Beuret, MD;
Bruno Palmier, MD;
Quoc Viet Le, MD;
Michel Sirodot, MD;
Sylvaine Rosselli, MD;
Vincent Cadiergue, MD;
Jean-Marie Sainty, MD;
Philippe Barbe, MD;
Emmanuel Combourieu, MD;
Daniel Debatty, MD;
Jean Rouffineau, MD;
Eric Ezingeard, MD;
Olivier Millet, MD;
Dominique Guelon, MD;
Luc Rodriguez, MD;
Olivier Martin, MD;
Anne Renault, MD;
Jean-Paul Sibille, MD;
Michel Kaidomar, MD
JAMA. 2004;292:2379-2387.
Context A recent trial showed that placing patients with acute lung injury in the prone position did not increase survival; however, whether those results hold true for patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF) is unclear.
Objective To determine whether prone positioning improves mortality in ARF patients.
Design, Setting, and Patients Prospective, unblinded, multicenter controlled trial of 791 ARF patients in 21 general intensive care units in France using concealed randomization conducted from December 14, 1998, through December 31, 2002. To be included, patients had to be at least 18 years, hemodynamically stable, receiving mechanical ventilation, and intubated and had to have a partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) ratio of 300 or less and no contraindications to lying prone.
Interventions Patients were randomly assigned to prone position placement (n = 413), applied as early as possible for at least 8 hours per day on standard beds, or to supine position placement (n = 378).
Main Outcome Measures The primary end point was 28-day mortality; secondary end points were 90-day mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and oxygenation.
Results The 2 groups were comparable at randomization. The 28-day mortality rate was 32.4% for the prone group and 31.5% for the supine group (relative risk [RR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-1.19; P = .77). Ninety-day mortality for the prone group was 43.3% vs 42.2% for the supine group (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.84-1.13; P = .74). The mean (SD) duration of mechanical ventilation was 13.7 (7.8) days for the prone group vs 14.1 (8.6) days for the supine group (P = .93) and the VAP incidence was 1.66 vs 2.14 episodes per 100-patients days of intubation, respectively (P = .045). The PaO2/FIO2 ratio was significantly higher in the prone group during the 28-day follow-up. However, pressure sores, selective intubation, and endotracheal tube obstruction incidences were higher in the prone group.
Conclusions This trial demonstrated no beneficial outcomes and some safety concerns associated with prone positioning. For patients with hypoxemic ARF, prone position placement may lower the incidence of VAP.
Author Affiliations: Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital De La Croix-Rousse, Lyon (Drs Guerin, Gaillard, and Lemasson); C-Clin Sud-Est, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite (Dr Ayzac); Service d’hygiène et d’épidémiologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite (Dr Girard); Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Roanne (Dr Beuret); Service de Réanimation, Hôpital D’instruction Des Armées, Toulon (Dr Palmier); Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Chalon-Sur-Saône (Dr Viet Le); Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Annecy (Dr Sirodot); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Saint Joseph, Lyon (Dr Rosselli); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon (Dr Cadiergue); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille (Dr Sainty); Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Chambéry (Dr Barbe); Service de Réanimation, Hôpital D’instruction Des Armées, Lyon (Dr Combourieu); Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Mâcon (Dr Debatty); Service de Réanimation Médicale, CHU, Poitiers (Dr Rouffineau); Service de Réanimation, Clinique Mutualiste, Saint-Etienne (Dr Ezingeard); Service de Réanimation, Lons-Le-Saunier (Dr Millet); Service de Réanimation Chirurgicale, CHU Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand (Dr Guelon); Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Aix-En-Provence (Dr Rodriguez); Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon (Dr Martin); Service de Réanimation Médicale, CHU, Brest (Dr Renault); Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Briançon (Dr Sibille); and Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Fréjus (Dr Kaidomar), France.
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